國民小學校舍節能與建築方位、校園配置與基地條件之研究

Energy Conservation and Building Orientation of Primary Schools in Taiwan

10.30008/CD.200803.0006

石昭永(Jau-Yung Shih)；林憲德(Hsien-Te Lin)

國民小學 ； 建築方位 ； 配置類型 ； 建築節能 ； Primary school ； building orientation ； site planning ； energy conservation

城市與設計學報

19期（2008 / 03 / 01）

163 - 176

繁體中文

南臺灣臺南市的國民小學校舍，雖位處於赤道與北迴歸線之間的濕熱氣候，室內教學空間溫度調節大多數並未設置冷氣設施，而依賴自然通風以及電扇，因此建築方位朝向南北避免東西向直射日光，以降低校舍的室內溫度及熱負荷，即成了維持室內舒適的重要條件，本研究將探討在過去數十年來，國小校舍的建築方位與都市化、配置型態、及校園基地條件的關連。 臺南市的航照圖，提供了各年代校舍的建築方位，結合各國小的電力使用資料，可以清楚地顯示建築方位對校舍耗能的影響。並將校園建築配置與運動場配置均分爲三種類型，並由每種類型的單位樓地板面積耗能，求得最節能的配置類型。爲了探求校地條件與建築方位的關係，數個重要的校地條件經過與建築方位的相關性分析，可以知道影響校舍建築方位的基地條件及其顯著性。 建築方位與建築耗能的相關性分析，各配置類型的單位面積建築耗能，以及影響建築耗能的基地條件，都可以提供清晰的建築節能策略給予規劃者與建築師作爲設計節能校園的參考資料。

Primary school buildings in Tainan city of Taiwan, located between tropical and subtropical climate zone, are often not air-conditioned and rely heavily on natural ventilation. Therefore a building facing north-south is critical to human comfort and energy saving since it avoids most direct sunshine into the classroom. In the past few decades, the rising urban density makes building orientation of primary schools even more restricted by school site planning and site selection, so as to affect ratio of building facing north-south. Aerial maps of the city provide the ratio of school building orientation, combining electricity consumption data, the influence of building orientation on energy consumption can be clearly demonstrated. To promote energy saving school planning, patterns of site planning are classified into 3 types, and patterns of sport field relationships to the buildings are also grouped into 3 types, average energy consumption for each type are compared to find the most energy saving site planning of schools. Furthermore, to avoid inferior site selection, several possible site conditions that might affect building orientation are also investigated. With the analysis of energy consumption and building orientation, the energy consumption for each type of site planning, and the site conditions that affect building orientation, critical energy consumption information can be retrieved to be useful reference for school planners for more energy saving campus in the future.

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