中華土木大金字塔─秦始皇九層之台的陵上享堂復原探討兼及地宮情況的推測

The Chinese Civil-Engineering Great Pyramid: the discussion of the recovery of the mausoleum hall of nine-storied terrace in the period of Qin Shi Huang and the speculation of the underground palace situation

10.30008/CD.201503_(22).0001

楊鴻勛(Hong-Xun Yang)

土木 ； 金字塔 ； 秦始皇陵 ； 享堂 ； 地宮 ； 復原 ； civil engineering ； pyramid ； the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang ； hall ； Underground Palace ； recovery

城市與設計學報

22期（2015 / 03 / 01）

1 - 17

繁體中文

本文對於中國第一批世界遺產的秦始皇陵，依據考古遺跡和建築史知識，以《宮殿考古通論》為基礎，對秦始皇陵作了整體的想像復原。包括：（1）.整個驪山園為三道宮垣所環繞；宮垣環繞以封土為主體，中軸對稱格局，總體表明它絕非坐西朝東，是按照宮廷定制，坐北朝南佈置，且採前朝（高臺榭式）後寢。（2）.質疑皇陵上“觀遊廊房”說法，考掘之前的傳統建築，提出階梯狀“覆鬥形封土”乃九層之台的大享堂，是土木合構的巨大金字塔；（3）.以建築角度總體解釋史記關於皇陵的記載，地宮有擋水堤霸，三層銅擋地下水，以水銀表現百川大海的地理等等關於地宮想像復原。

In the present paper, an integral imagine and recovery of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, which was China’s first World Heritage was conducted in accordance with archaeological remains and architectural history knowledge with reference to ＂Gong Dian Kao Gu Tong Lun＂ including the following contents: i. The entire Li-Shan Park was surrounded by three palaces, with the main body of mounds and the axial symmetry structure; the overall structure showed it did not face the east but the south according to palace customization and the configuration of ＂a front antechamber and a rear bedroom(the type of high pavilion)＂ was adopted. ii. The saying of ＂the room for viewing veranda＂ on mausoleum was questioned. The archaeological excavation of the ancient traditional architecture was executed to propose that the stepped-typed ＂covered bucket shaped mound＂ was a large hall of the nine-storied terrace, being a huge civil-engineering binding pyramid. iii. In explanation of the records of mausoleum in ＂Records of the Historian＂ in the overall perspective of architecture, there was the imagine and recovery about the underground palace, which had the water retaining embankment, triple-layer copper to block groundwater, the mercury geographic display of rivers and seas...etc.