题名

社區人際網絡與社區意識及參與關聯性之研究:不同營造經驗社區的比較

并列篇名

The Study on the Correlation between Social Network, Sense of Community and Community Participation: Comparison of Different Communities' Experiences of Community Building

DOI

10.7014/SRMA.2018090002

作者

王光旭(Guang-Xu Wang);黃怡臻(Yi-Jhen Huang)

关键词

社會網絡 ; 社區參與 ; 社區意識 ; 社區總體營造 ; 社會網絡分析 ; social network ; community participation ; sense of community ; community building ; social network analysis (SNA)

期刊名称

調查研究-方法與應用

卷期/出版年月

40期(2018 / 09 / 01)

页次

63 - 125

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

社區營造的理論表明,營造有助於重新建立人與人之間的連結,透過對社區意識的強化,達到居民參與社區公共事務,促成社區發展與民主深化的目的。然過去研究在方法上也反映兩點不足之處:其一,雖然多數研究肯定人際網絡對社區意識與社區參與有重要影響,但對社區內人際網絡的測量,大多還是以李克特量表的認知測量為主,反映的是對關係的想像,而非實際的關係;其二,社區研究的成果,大多從社區發展協會幹部的角度檢視,而非從社區居民的調查中呈現,因此多反映社區領導者對自身營造成果的評估或想像,而非代表居民實際的看法與狀況。基此,本研究透過社會網絡分析(social network analysis)的應用,以社區居民為調查對象,重新驗證前述命題。在研究設計上,本研究擇定規模相當的兩個都市型社區進行調查(有、無營造),並透過系統抽樣各抽取約300位居民進行面訪。本研究成果如下:第一,對目前社區研究中對人際關係或社會資本測量的方法進行補充,以社會網絡分析強化相關測量的信效度;第二,以更嚴謹的研究設計了解居民社會網絡與社區意識和社區參與的關聯性;第三,驗證社區營造經驗對強化居民間的社會網絡、社區意識與社區參與程度的效果,藉以系統性檢視社區營造政策成效。

英文摘要

Community building not only has driven citizen participation recently but also has brought scholars of political science and public administration into the field of community research. It is important that community participation promote democratic society. Most previous studies have indicated that community building is good to re-establish interaction among inhabitants, and strengthen the sense of community. In addition, strong connections among residents can encourage residents to participate in public affairs, promote community development and deepen democracy. Nevertheless, there are two limitations of previous community network studies: first, the most widely used network measurement is through a perceptual approach to measuring ties, but the results cannot reveal actual relationships among residents in a community; second, most of the research results gather data from community development associations or chiefs of village rather than residents. Thus, this paper applies social network analysis (SNA) to explore relationships between residents to investigate the relationship between residents' social networks, sense of community and community participation. More than 300 residents were systematically sampled in two communities, one with more than ten years of experience in community building, and the other with none. This study contributes by using a more rigorous research design to demonstrate the relationship between social networks, sense of community and participation, and shows that applying social network analysis can supplement the measurement of interpersonal relationships or social capital to improve reliability and validity. The analytical results verify the positive moderating effect of community building experiences.

主题分类 社會科學 > 社會科學綜合
参考文献
  1. 王光旭(2015)。社會網絡分析在公共行政領域研究的應用。調查研究—方法與應用,34,67-134。
    連結:
  2. 李俊豪(2010)。臺灣居民之社區意識—系統模式之分析。都市與計劃,37(2),209-231。
    連結:
  3. 林信廷、莊俐昕、劉素珍、黃源協(2012)。Making Community Work:社會資本與社區參與關聯性之研究。臺灣社會福利學刊,10(2),161-210。
    連結:
  4. 邱皓政(2017)。多元迴歸的自變數比較與多元共線性之影響:效果量、優勢性與相對權數指標的估計與應用。臺大管理論叢,27(3),1-44。
    連結:
  5. 張德永、陳柏霖、劉以慧(2012)。以結構方程模式驗證社區社會資本、社區營造與社區發展之關係。高雄師大學報,32,25-46。
    連結:
  6. 郭瑞坤、王春勝(2004)。地區發展相關因素整合居民結構區隔研究。戶外遊憩研究,17(1),23-49。
    連結:
  7. 郭瑞坤、徐依鈴、張秦瑞、沈逸晴(2013)。社區議題與社區自主性關聯之探討。社會政策與社會工作學刊,17(11),1-39。
    連結:
  8. 郭彰仁、郭瑞坤、侯錦雄、林建堯(2010)。都市與非都市計畫區社區居民參與環境改造行為模式之比較研究—以台灣南部為例。都市與計劃,37(4),393-431。
    連結:
  9. 陳香妃、張金鶚、葉毅明(2007)。從集體行動看社區意識與管理制度對公寓大廈管理維護之影響—管理維護客觀績效與社區主委主觀滿意度分析。都市與計劃,34(2),139-163。
    連結:
  10. 黃源協、莊俐昕、劉素珍(2011)。社區社會資本的促成、阻礙因素及其發展策略:社區領導者觀點之分析。行政暨政策學報,52,87-130。
    連結:
  11. 黃源協、劉素珍、莊俐昕、林信廷(2010)。社區社會資本與社區發展關聯性之研究。公共行政學報,34,29-75。
    連結:
  12. 黃源協、蕭文高、劉素珍(2007)。社區意識及其影響因素之探索性研究。社會政策與社會工作學刊,11(2),1-33。
    連結:
  13. 劉麗雯、林雅俐(2015)。社區防救災社會資本指標之建構。公共行政學報,48,73-108。
    連結:
  14. Abbott, J.(1995).Community Participation and Its Relationship to Community Development.Community Development Journal,30(2),158-168.
  15. Ahlbrandt, R. S.(1984).Neighborhoods, People and Community.New York:Plenum Press.
  16. Arnstein, S. R.(1969).A Ladder of Citizen Participation.Journal of the American Planning Association,35(4),216-224.
  17. Bagnall, R. G.(1989).Researching Participation in Adult Education: A Case of Quantified Distortion.International Journal of Lifelong Education,8(3),251-260.
  18. Bauman, Z.(2001).Community: Seeking Safety in an Insecure World.Oxford:Blackwell.
  19. Bhattacharyya, J.(2004).Theorizing Community Development.Journal of the Community Development Society,34(2),5-34.
  20. Borgatti, S. P.(1998).A SOCNET Discussion on the Origins of the Term Social Capital.Connections,21(2),37-46.
  21. Buckner, J. C.(1988).The Development of an Instrument to Measure Neighborhood Cohesion.American Journal of Community Psychology,16(6),771-791.
  22. Bullen, P.,Onyx, J.(2005).Measuring Social Capital in Five Communities in NSW: A Practioner's Guide.
  23. Burns, D.,Taylor, M.(2000).Auditing Community Participation: An Assessment Handbook.Bristol:Policy Press.
  24. Burt, R. S.(1997).A Note on Social Capital and Network Content.Social Networks,19(4),355-373.
  25. Burt, R. S.(1992).Structural Holes: the Social Structure of Competition.Cambridge MA:Harvard University Press.
  26. Castells, M.(2010).The Power of Identity.Malden, MA:Wiley-Blackwell.
  27. Chaskin, R. J.(1999).Defining Community Capacity: A Framework and Implications from a Comprehensive Community Initiative.Chicago:Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
  28. Chavis, D. M.,Wandersman, A.(1990).Sense of Community in the Urban Environment: A Catalyst for Participation and Community Development.American Journal of Community Psychology,18(1),55-81.
  29. Chen, H.,Zhu, T.,Krott, M.,Maddox, D.(2013).Community Forestry Management and Livelihood Development in Northwest China: Integration of Governance, Project Design, and Community Participation.Regional Environmental Change,13(1),67-75.
  30. Clogg, C. C.,Petkova, E.,Haritou, A.(1995).Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients between Models.American Journal of Sociology,100(5),1261-1293.
  31. Cohen, J.,Cohen, P.,West, S. G.,Aiken, L. S.(2003).Applied Multiple Regression/ Correlation Analysis for the Behavioural Science.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  32. Coleman, J. S.(1990).Foundation of Social Theory.Cambridge:Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  33. Dillman, D. A.(2000).Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method.New York:Wiley.
  34. Dillon, W. R.,Goldstein, M.(1984).Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications.New York:Wiley.
  35. Farrell, S. J.,Aubry, T.,Coulombe, D.(2004).Neighborhoods and Neighbors: Do They Contribute to Personal Well-being?.Journal of community psychology,32(1),9-25.
  36. Fisher, A.T.(ed.),Sonn, C.C.(ed.),Bishop, B. J.(ed.)(2002).Psychological Sense of Community: Research, Applications, and Implications.New York:Plenum Publishers.
  37. Gilchrist, A.(2004).The Well-connected Community: A Networking Approach to Community Development.Bristol:Policy Press.
  38. Glynn, T.(1981).Psychological Sense of Community: Measurement and Application.Human Relations,34(9),789-818.
  39. Granovetter, M.(1985).Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology,91(3),481-510.
  40. Granovetter, M.(1973).The Strength of Weak Ties.American Journal of Sociology,78(6),1360-1380.
  41. Hahm, J. J.,Breiter, D.,Severt, K.,Wang, Y.,Fjelstul, J.(2016).The Relationship between Sense of Community and Satisfaction on Future Intentions to Attend an Association's Annual Meeting.Tourism Management,52,151-160.
  42. Halpern, D.(2005).Social Capital.Cambridge:Polity Press.
  43. Harpham, T.,Grant, E.,Thomas, E.(2002).Measuring Social Capital within Health Surveys: Key Issues.Health Policy and Planning,17(1),106-111.
  44. Hollingshead, A. B.(1957).Two Factor Index of Social Position.New Heaven, CT:Yale University Press.
  45. Kay, A.(2006).Social Capital, the Social Economy and Community Development.Community Development Journal,41(2),160-173.
  46. Kim, J.(2007).Perceiving and Valuing Sense of Community in a New Urbanist Development: A Case Study of Kentlands.Journal of Urban Design,12(2),203-230.
  47. Knoke, D.,Yang, S.(2008).Social Network Analysis.Los Angeles:SAGE.
  48. Lattin, J. M.,Carroll, J. Douglas,Green, P. E.(2003).Analyzing Multivariate Data.Pacific Grove, CA:Thomson Brooks/Co1e.
  49. Lewicka, M.(2010).What Makes Neighborhood Different from Home and City? Effects of Place Scale on Place Attachment.Journal of Environmental Psychology,30(1),35-51.
  50. Li, Z.,Chen, Y.,Suo, L.(2015).Impacts of Social Network on Therapeutic Community Participation: A Follow-up Survey of Data Gathered after Ya'an Earthquake.Iranian journal of public health,44(1),68-78.
  51. Lin, N.(2001).Social Capital: A Theory of Structure and Action.Cambrige:Cambridge University Press.
  52. Lin, N.(1999).Social Networks and Status Attainment.Annual Review of Sociology,25,467-487.
  53. Lo, A. Y. H.,Jim, C. Y.(2010).Differential Community Effects on Perception and Use of Urban Greenspaces.Cities,27(6),430-442.
  54. Mattessich, P. W.,Monsey, B.(1997).Community Building: What Makes It Work- A Review of Factors Influencing Successful Community Building.St. Paul, MN:Amherst H. Wilder Foundation.
  55. McMillan, D. W.(1996).Sense of Community.Journal of Community Psychology,24(4),315-325.
  56. Mitchell, J. C.(1969).Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns.Manchester:Manchester University Press.
  57. Nahapiet, J.,Ghoshal, S.(1998).Social Capital, Intellectual Capital and the Organizational Advantage.The Academy of Management Review,23(2),242-266.
  58. Narayan, D.(1999).Bonds and Bridges: Social Capital and Poverty.Washington D.C.:The World Bank.
  59. Nasar, J. L.,Julian, D. A.(1995).The Psychological Sense of Community in the Neighborhood.Journal of the American Planning Association,6(12),178-185.
  60. Nurullah, A. S.(2012).Received and provided social support: A review of current evidence and future directions.American Journal of Health Studies,27(3),173-188.
  61. Obst, P. L.,White, K. M.(2007).Choosing to belong: The influence of choice on social identification and psychological sense of community.Journal of community psychology,35(1),77-90.
  62. Oh, J. H.(2003).Assessing the Social Bonds of Elderly Neighbors: The Roles of Length of Residence, Crime Victimization, and Perceived Disorder.Sociological Inquiry,73(4),490-510.
  63. Ohmer, M.,Beck, E.(2006).Citizen Participation in Neighborhood Organizations in Poor Communities and Its Relationship to Neighborhood and Organizational Collective Efficacy.Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare,33(1),179-202.
  64. Oorschot, W. V.,Arts, W.,Gelissen, J.(2006).Social Capital in Europe: Measurement and Social and Regional Distribution of a Multifaceted Phenomenon.Acta Sociology,49(2),149-167.
  65. Plummer, J.,Taylor, J. G.(2004).Community Participation in China: Issues and Processes for Capacity Building.London:Earthscan.
  66. Portes, A.(1998).Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology of Residence.Annual Review of Sociology,24,1-24.
  67. Prezza, M.P.,Amici, M.,Roberti, T.,Tedeschi, G.(2001).Sense of Community Referred to the Whole Town: Its Relations with Neighboring Loneliness, Life Satisfaction and Area of Reside.Journal of Community Psychology,29(1),29-52.
  68. Putnam, R. D.(1993).Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy.Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.
  69. Rifkin, S. B.(2014).Examining the Links between Community Participation and Health Outcomes: A Review of the Literature.Health Policy and Planning,29(suppl 2),ii98-ii106.
  70. Ruiz-Ballesteros, E.,Cáceres-Feria, R.(2016).Community-building and Amenity Migration in Community-based Tourism Development: An Approach from Southwest Spain.Tourism Management,54,513-523.
  71. Sarason, S.B.(1974).The Psychological Sense of Community: Prospects for a Community Psychology.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
  72. Sauer, W. J.,Coward, R. T.(1985).Social Support Networks and the Care of the Elderly.New York:Guildford Press.
  73. Simplican, S.C.,Leader, G.,Kosciulek, J.,Leahy, M.(2015).Defining Social Inclusion of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: An Ecological Model of Social Networks and Community Participation.Research in Developmental Disabilities,38,18-29.
  74. Skjæveland, O.,Gärling, T.,Mæland, J. G.(1996).A Multidimensional Measure of Neighboring.American Journal of Community Psychology,24(3),413-435.
  75. Smith, K. M.(2011).Perth, WA,Department of Psychology, Edith Cowan University.
  76. Sun, C. G.,Zhang, Z. Q.(2015).Analysis on Current Situation and Influence Factors of Community Residents' Participation during the Process of Low-Carbon City Construction- On the Basis of An Empirical Investigation in Chengyang District, Qingdao, Mainland China.Journal of Urbanology,6(1),29-62.
  77. Sundar, V.,Brucker, D. L.,Pollack, M. A.,Chang, H.(2016).Community and social participation among adults with mobility impairments: A mixed methods study.Disability and Health Journal,9(4),682-691.
  78. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development=OECD(2001).The Wellbeing of Nations: The Role of Human and Social Capital.Paris:Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, OECD.
  79. Tsai, W.,Ghoshal, S.(1998).Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intrafirm Networks.Academy of Management Journal,41(4),464-476.
  80. UNCHS(1990).,Nairobi:United Nation Center for Human Settlement.
  81. Unger, D. G.,Wandersman, A.(1983).Neighboring and Its Role in Block Organizations: An Exploratory Report.American Journal of Community Psychology,11(3),291-300.
  82. Vaske, J. J.,Kobrin, K. C.(2001).Place Attachment and Environmentally Responsible Behavior.The Journal of Environmental Education,32(4),16-21.
  83. Wallace, C.,Vincent, K.,Luguzan, C.,Townsend, L.,Beel, D.(2017).Information Technology and Social Cohesion: A Tale of Two Villages.Journal of Rural Studies,54,426-434.
  84. Wasserman, S.,Faust, K.(1994).Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications.New York:Cambridge University Press.
  85. Weisband, Suzanne P.(ed.)(2002).Leadership at a Distance: Research in Technologically Supported Work.Hove, UK:Psychology Press.
  86. Wood, L.,Frank, L. D.,Giles-Corti, B.(2010).Sense of Community and Its Relationship with Walking and Neighborhood Design.Social Science & Medicine,70(9),1381-1390.
  87. Xu, Q.,Perkins, D. D.,Chow, J. C.(2010).Sense of Community, Neighboring, and Social Capital as Predictors of Local Political Participation in China.American Journal of Community Psychology,45(3-4),259-271.
  88. Yang, K.(ed.),Miller, G. J.(ed.)(2008).Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration.New York:CRC Press.
  89. Zhao, L.,Lu, Y.,Wang, B.,Chau, P. Y. K.,Zhang, L.(2012).Cultivating the Sense of Belonging and Motivating User Participation in Virtual Communities: A Social Capital Perspective.International Journal of Information Management,32(6),574-588.
  90. 中華民國社區營造學會(2005)。社造番仔火。台北:唐山。
  91. 王光旭(2016)。行政院國家科學委員會101 年度委託研究計畫行政院國家科學委員會101 年度委託研究計畫,未出版
  92. 丘昌泰、洪鴻智、陳金貴(2002)。建立市民導向的社區參與制度:北市經驗之評析。行政暨政策學報,35,1-44。
  93. 江大樹、張力亞(2016)。地方治理:變革、創新與實踐。台北:元照。
  94. 呂寶靜(2012)。臺灣老人社會整合之研究:以社區生活參與為例。人文與社會科學簡訊,13(2),90-96。
  95. 呂寶靜(2012)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告,未出版
  96. 李俊豪(2008)。鄰里凝聚量表在臺灣鄉村研究之適用性。公共事務評論,9(2),55-86。
  97. 李維貞(2013)。博士論文(博士論文)。臺中,逢甲大學土木及水利工程博士學位學程。
  98. 林子倫(2008)。審議民主在社區:臺灣地區的經驗。海峽兩岸參與式地方治理研討會,台北:
  99. 林生傳(2005)。教育社會學。臺北:巨流。
  100. 林勝義(1990)。老人參與社區發展之研究。台北:中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。
  101. 林雅真(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北,國立臺灣大學地理環境資源研究所。
  102. 林瑞欽(1994)。社區意識的概念、測量與提振策略。社會發展研究學刊,1,1-21。
  103. 林瑞欽(1995)。「社區意識」凝聚之道。社會福利,118,8-17。
  104. 邱皓政(2015)。量化研究與統計分析:SPSS(PASW)資料分析範例。台北:五南。
  105. 施教裕(1999)。埔里福利社區化的工作和檢討。社區發展季刊,87,72-109。
  106. 施教裕(1997)。社區參與的理論與實務。社會福利,129,2-8。
  107. 洪永泰(1996)。戶中選樣之研究。台北:時英。
  108. 紀貝臻(2011)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄,國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所。
  109. 紀孟君、鄭夙芬、鄭期緯(2011)。當我們「同在一起」:旗艦競爭型計畫之社區組織結盟歷程探討。台灣社區工作與社區研究學刊,1(1),127-168。
  110. 夏鑄九(1999)。市民參與和地方自主性:臺灣的社區營造。城市與設計學報,9-10,175-185。
  111. 徐仁輝(2014)。參與式預算制度的理論與實踐。財稅研究,43(2),1-11。
  112. 徐震(1995)。論社區意識與社區發展。社會建設期刊,90,4-12。
  113. 郭瑞坤、王春勝、陳香利(2007)。居民社區培力與社會資本、社區意識關聯性之研究—以高雄市港口社區為例。公共事務評論,8(2),97-129。
  114. 陳介玄(1994)。協力網絡與生活結構。台北:聯經出版事業公司。
  115. 陳美惠、李來錫、王相華、蘇倍以(2008)。以社會網絡分析法進行社區生態旅遊發展之研究—以社頂部落的共識凝聚為例。中華林學季刊,41(2),221-236。
  116. 陳茂祥(1985)。淺談一般社區理論。社區發展季刊,32,32-41。
  117. 陳錦煌,1999,《21 世紀社區總體營造之展望—邁向永續發展的社區生活共同體》,未出版。
  118. 曾旭正(2007)。台灣的社區營造。台北:遠足文化。
  119. 黃光國(1988)。中國人的權力遊戲。台北:巨流圖書公司。
  120. 黃光國(2001)。儒家關係主義的理論建構及其方法論基礎。教育與社會研究,2,1-33。
  121. 黃富順(1994)。加強社區意識,建立祥和社會的途徑—社區成人教育。社會發展研究學刊,1,23-33。
  122. 黃源協、劉素珍(2009)。社會資本對臺灣社區發展之政策意涵。行政暨政策學報,48,155-191。
  123. 楊桂珍(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。新竹,國立交通大學客家文化學院客家社會與文化教師碩士在職專班。
  124. 溫忠麟、侯杰泰、張雷(2005)。調節效應與中介效應的比較和應用。心理學報,37(2),268-274。
  125. 廖俊松(2004)。社區營造與社區參與:金鈴園與邵社的觀察與學習。社區發展季刊,107,133-145。
  126. 廖培珊(2016)。社區依附與環境態度:兩個鄉村社區之初探。台灣鄉村研究,12,1-39。
  127. 榮泰生(2006)。SPSS 與研究方法。台北:五南。
  128. 熊瑞梅(2001)。性別、個人網絡與社會資本。華人社會的調查研究:方法與發現,香港:
  129. 趙延東(2011)。社會網絡與城鄉居民的身心健康。關係社會學:理論與研究,北京:
  130. 劉介宇、洪永泰、莊義利、陳怡如、翁文舜、劉季鑫、梁賡義(2006)。臺灣地區鄉鎮市區發展類型應用於大型健康調查抽樣設計之研究。健康管理學刊,4(1),1-22。
  131. 蔡宏進(1985)。社區原理。台北:三民。
  132. 蕭揚基(2015)。社區營造中社會資本對公民治理的影響。臺灣社區工作與社區研究學刊,5(2),137-176。
  133. 瞿海源(1999)。中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫,未出版
  134. 羅家德、帥滿、方震平、劉濟帆(2014)。災後重建紀事:社群社會資本對重建效果的分析。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
被引用次数
  1. 李翠萍(2020)。偏鄉社群共善的建構條件:柬埔寨村落居民對生態環境危機的回應分析。台灣政治學刊,24(2),1-65。
  2. 鄭雅愛,蔡金川,陳冠佐,唐睿誼,林佩靜(2020)。八段錦運動對於社區中老年人身心健康影響之研究。中醫藥雜誌,31(2),86-93。
  3. (2018)。全球化下地方文化產業營造機制的建構:古坑咖啡產業個案分析。朝陽人文社會學刊,16(2),3-42。
  4. (2018)。社群社會資本與主觀幸福感關聯性之探究:不同營造經驗社區的比較。空大行政學報,32,35-72。
  5. (2024)。網路使用對民衆社區意識的影響:兩種網路工具型態的比較分析。中國行政評論,30(2),70-98。