美國水權制度變遷與經濟成就及台灣水權制度之反思

Reflection on the Change and Economic Achievements of American Water Rights Systems, and the Water Rights System of Taiwan

10.7044/JNHCTC.200506.0201

闕雅文(Ya-Wen Chiueh)

水權 ； 水權制度 ； 水資源分配效率 ； water right ； water right system ； allocation efficiency

新竹師院學報

20期（2005 / 06 / 01）

201 - 218

繁體中文

水權制度之完善與否，對水資源之分配與利用效率影響深遠。水權制度隨著社會經濟之演變而不斷更遷，North(1990)即說明制度變遷是決定於社會的演進，且制度因素會影響經濟成就；同時不同的經濟體系長期經濟成就之差異是源自於制度演進的方式。就世界各國水權制度與其經濟成就而言，與台灣地區同屬缺水之美國，水權制度經歷二百年來之演進與調整，朝向逐步降低水權之資產特殊用途性、不確定性與罕見之特性而更遷演變，並致力於降低水權之交易成本與轉換成本，美國水權制度之經濟成就顯然優於水權制度僵化之台灣。本文特以美國地面水水權管理制度為對象，從其演進及遭遇的問題進行檢討，藉以說明水資源管理制度之應變與革新方向，希望能提供決策者在思考調整台灣水權管理制度時作為參考。

The Water Rights system has an extensive impact on the allocation efficiency of water resources, which have been endlessly changing with the evolution of social economics. North (1990) pointed out that system transformation is determined by social evolution, and system-related factors might influence economic achievements, in addition, the long-term economic achievements of various economic systems result from the route of system evolution, in terms of the water systems and economic achievements the world over, the U.S. with water resources as scarce as Taiwan's, has been undergoing the evolution and adjustment of water rights systems for two hundred years. And it has been gradually reducing water rights' asset specificity, uncertainty, and infrequency, and has been devoted to reducing the transaction cost and transformation cost of water rights. So it is apparent that economic achievements of American water rights systems are superior to those of Taiwan with an inflexible water rights system. This paper specifically targets American water rights management systems, examining the evolution process and possibly confronted problems. By this, I explain the future transformation direction of the water resources management system, providing references to policy makers in thinking over adjusting the management system of the Taiwan area's waster rights.

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