發展野外探究學習環境量表之研究

Developing a Survey for Field-based Inquiry Learning Environment

10.7044/NHCUEA.200706.0061

蘇明俊(Ming-Jun Su)

野外探究 ； 學習環境 ； 環境量表 ； Field-based Inquiry ； Learning environment ； environment survey

新竹教育大學教育學報

24卷1期（2007 / 06 / 01）

61 - 84

繁體中文

本研究旨在發展一份標準化的野外探究學習環境的評鑑工具，比較野外環境與教室或實驗室在探究教學上的差異性，藉以促進教師實施野外探究教學。依據Orion、Hofstein、Tamir和Giddings(1997)發展之「戶外科學學習環境量表(SOLEI)」的七個向度擬題，持續以五個階段的量表發展作為效化的歷程，再蒐集實徵性資料進行差異性（含不同學習環境與性別）之比較，完成「野外科學探究學習環境量表(FILES)」，包含：環境互動、統整合一、同學親和、教師支持、多元開放、預備安排、物質環境、學習自主等八大向度，共計50題，其Cronbach α值達到0.95，適用於野外探究學習環境的評量。 為了解量表的實用性，辦理國中生「墾丁科學探究之旅」，於活動前後分別以「教室或實驗室學習環境量表」及「野外科學探究學習環境量表」施測，結果在「環境互動」、「統整合一」、「多元開放」、「物質環境」及「學習自主」等五個向度，學生認為「野外探究」的學習環境優於「教室或實驗室」的環境，且達0.05的顯著水準，與研究者作質性觀察的結果及晤談的學生反應大致相符；本研究亦發現男生比女生有利於實施野外探究教學。建議中小學科學教師運用「野外環境」實施野外探究教學。

The purpose of this study was to develop a survey for Field-based Inquiry teaching, to compare its differences on two learning environments in field and in class or laboratory. The survey was in accordance with 7 scales by Orion, Hofstein, Tamir, and Giddings (1997), to finish the survey called Field-based Inquiry Learning Environment (FILES) through validation, including Environment interaction, Integration, Student cohesiveness, Open-endedness, Preparation and organization, Material environment, Learning autonomy, amount to 50 items. Its value of Cronbach α is equal to 0.95, good test for the evaluation of teaching environment in Field-based Inquiry. I also processing an activity of teaching go to Kenting National Park for science inquiry, the findings were Field-based environment for learning was better than the class or laboratory environments, and the junior high school boys learned in field-based environment were better than in class or laboratory, same as my qualitative data by observations.

1. 黃台珠、Aldridge, J. M.、Fraser, B. J.(1998)。台灣和西澳科學教室環境的跨國研究：結合質性與量的研究方法。科學教育學刊，6(4)，343-362。
   連結：
2. 蘇明俊、江新合(2002)。野外科學探究教學模式之初探性研究－以小尖石山的地質探究爲例。教育科學期刊，2(2)，62-96。
   連結：
3. 蘇明俊、江新合(2003)。歸納式野外探究教學模式。新竹師院學報，18，323-361。
   連結：
4. (1989).Project 2061: Science for All Americans.Washington D. C.:AAAS Press.
5. (1993).Benchmarks for science literacy.New York:Oxford University Press.
6. Brady, E. R.(1972).doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University..
7. Chippetta, E. L.,Koballa, T. R.,Collette, A. T.(1998).Science Instruction in the Middle and Secondary Schools.Merrill:
8. DeBoer, G. E.(1991).A history of ideas in science education.New York:Teachers College Press.
9. Dryden, M.,Fraser, B. J.(1998).Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA..
10. Fido, S. H.,Gayford, G. C.(1982).Field work and the biology teacher: A survey in secondary schools in England and Wales.Journal of Biological Education,16,27-34.
11. Fisher, B. J.,McRobbie, C. I.,Giddings, G. J.(1993).Development and cross-national validation of a laboratory classroom environment instrument for senior high school students.Science Education,77,1-24.
12. Fraser, B. J.,Giddings, G. J.,McRobbie, C. J.(1992).Assessing the Climate of Science Laboratory Classes.What Research Says to the Science and Mathematics Teacher
13. Fraser, B. J.,K.G. Tobin (Eds.)(1998).International Handbook of Science Education.
14. Johnson B.,McClure, R.(2000).A paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Education oh Teachers in Science, Akron, OH..
15. Kern, E.,Carpenter, J.(1986).Effect of field activities on students learning.Journal of Geological Education,34,180-183.
16. Landis, C.(1996).ERIC Digest.Columbus, OH:ERIC/SMEAC.
17. Lisowski, M.,Disinger, J. F.(1987).ERIC Digest.Columbus, OH:ERIC/SMEAC.
18. Lopushinsky, T.,Besaw, L.(1986).Field experiences for nonscience students.Journal of College Science Teaching,16,21-24.
19. Mason, J. L.(1980).Field work in Earth science classes.School Science and Mathematics,80,317-322.
20. McClafferty, T.,Rennie, L.(1992).Paper presented at the Australian Science Education Research Association (ASERA) annual conference, Canberra, Australia.
21. McKenzie, G.,Utgard, R.,Lisowski, M.(1986).The importance of field trip: a geological example.Journal of College Science Teaching,16,17-20.
22. Moos, R. H.(1974).The Social Climate Scales: An overview.Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
23. National Research Council(NRC)(1999).National Science Education Standards (NSES).Washington, D.C.:National Academy Press.
24. Olson, J. K.,Cox-Petersen, A. M.,McComas, W. F.(2001).The Inclusion of Informal Environments in Science Teacher Preparation.Journal of Science Teacher Education,12(3),155-173.
25. Orion, N.,Hofstein A.,Tamir, P.,Giddings, G. J.(1997).Development and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing the Learning Environment of Outdoor Science Activities.Science Education,81,161-171.
26. Orion, N.,Hofstein, A.(1991).The Measurement of Students` Attitudes Towards Scientific Field Trips.Science Education,75(5),513-523.
27. Simpson, R. D.,Koballa T. R.,Oliver, J. S.,Crawley, F. E.,D Gabel (Ed.)(1994).Handbook of Research on Science Teaching and Learning.New York:Macmillan.
28. Suchman, J. R.(1966).Development Inquiry.Chicago:Science Research Associates.
29. Taylor, P. C.,Dawson, V.,Fraser, B. J.(1995).Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association.San Francisco, CA.:
30. Taylor, P.,Fraser, B.,Fisher, D.(1993).Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the National Science Teachers Association.Kansas City, MO.:
31. Todd, S.(1988).Integrating geology for the pleasure of it.Journal of College Science Teaching,18,98-101.
32. Trowbridge, L. W.,Bybee, R. W.,Powell, J. C.(2000).Teaching Secondary School Science-Strategies for Developing Scientific Literacy.NJ:Prentice-Hall.
33. 亞洲泛太平洋地區自由學校教育工作者另類教育發展經驗分享國際研討會
34. 教育部(2000)。國民教育九年一貫「自然與生活科技」課程綱要（2000年9月30日公佈）。台北:教育部。
35. 郭重吉(2001)。談建構主義在數理教學上的應用。建構與教學，16，11-22。
36. 蘇明俊(2004)。高雄，國立高雄師範大學科學教育研究所。

1. 洪振方、李明昆(2011)。運用多元智能理論在中學戶外探究活動之行動研究。新竹教育大學教育學報，28(1)，99-142。