臺灣高職生知識論信念的架構驗證

Structural Verification of the Epistemological Beliefs of Vocational Students in Taiwan

10.7044/NHCUEA.201112.0119

邱紹一(Shao-I Chiu)；黃德祥(Der-Hsiang Huang)；洪福源(Fu-Yuan Hong)；林重岑(Chung-Tsen Lin)

知識論信念 ； 建構效度 ； 因素分析 ； epistemological beliefs ； construct validity ； factor analysis

新竹教育大學教育學報

28卷2期（2011 / 12 / 01）

117 - 144

繁體中文

個人對知識的本質與求知歷程所懷抱的信念，稱為知識論信念（epistemological belief），對認知學習有很大的影響，進而影響到教學的理論。國外知識論信念的研究成果相當豐富，然而在國內則缺乏對知識論信念理論建構及測量的研究。本研究參酌Schommer所發展的知識論信念問卷自編題目，以296名臺灣高職學生為對象，探討知識論信念的潛在建構，發現成熟的知識論信念與不成熟的知識論信念二者可能不是同一向度的兩極，而是兩個不同的向度。本研究所發展的18題的知識論信念問卷，包括「知識的建構性」、「知識的脈絡性」、「漸增能力」、「漸增學習」、「追根究底」五個因素，五個因素彼此相關（.38～.84），且共同負荷在二階因素「成熟的知識論信念」之上。此外，本研究亦支持Hofer與Pintrich的論點，五個因素可以分別負荷在「知識學習的本質」與「知識學習的歷程」兩個二階因素之上。本研究的屬性為探索性與描述性的，因此未來仍有待相同母群不同樣本的資料進行複核效化（cross validation）研究，以進一步驗證本研究的成果。

Beliefs on the nature of knowledge and the knowledge-seeking process, known as epistemological beliefs, have a substantial impact on cognitive learning, thereby affecting teaching theory. Although foreign studies on epistemological beliefs are extensive, epistemological belief theory and belief measurements have not been examined. Therefore, this study revises the epistemological belief scale developed by Schommer. A sample of 296 vocational students in Taiwan was obtained to investigate the structure of epistemological beliefs and determine whether mature and immature epistemological theory have differing dimensions. The 18 items of the epistemological belief scale used in this study include the 5 factors knowledge construction, knowledge context, cumulative capacity, cumulative learning, and argument. The results of this study support Hofer and Pintrich's argument that a positive relationship exists between these 5 factors. The 5 factors were loaded on the second-order factors of nature of knowledge learning and the process of knowledge learning. This study adopts an exploratory and descriptive design; thus, future studies should cross-validate the various samples.

1. Barnar, L.,Lan, W. Y.,Crooks, S. M.,Paton, V. O.(2008).The relationship between epistemological beliefs and self-regulated learning skills in the online course environment.Journal of Online Learning and Teaching,4(3),261-266.
2. Baxter, M. B.(1992).Knowing and reasoning in college: Gender-related patterns in students' intellectual development.San Francisco, CA:Jossey Bass.
3. Bentler, P. M.(1990).Comparative fix indexes in structural models.Psychological Bulletin,107(2),238-246.
4. Bollen, K. A.(ed.),Long, J. S.(ed.)(1993).Testing structural equation models.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
5. Buehl, M. M.,Alexander, P. A.(2001).Beliefs about academic knowledge.Educational Psychology Review,13,385-418.
6. Cano, F.(2005).Epistemological beliefs and approaches to learning: Their change through secondary school and their influence on academic performance.British Journal of Educational Psychology,75(2),203-221.
7. Cavallo, A. M. L.,Rozman, M.,Blickenstaff, J.,Walker, N.(2003).Learning, reasoning, motivation, and epistemological beliefs: Differing approaches in college science courses.Journal of College Science Teaching,33(3),18-23.
8. Chan, W.(2003).Hong Kong teacher education students' epistemological beliefs and approaches to learning.Research in Education,69,36-50.
9. Dunbar, M.,Ford, G.,Hunt, K.,Der, G.(2000).Question wording effects in the assessment of global self-esteem.European Journal of Psychological Assessment,16(1),13-19.
10. Dweck, C. S.,Leggett, E. L.(1988).A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.Psychological Review,95,256-273.
11. Grouws, D. A.(ed.)(1992).Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning.New York, NY:Macmillan.
12. Hofer, B. K.(2001).Personal epistemology research: Implications for learning and teaching.Educational Psychology Review,13,353-383.
13. Hofer, B. K.(2000).Dimensionality and disciplinary differences in personal epistemology.Contemporary Educational Psychology,25,378-405.
14. Hofer, B. K.,Pintrich, P. R.(2002).Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
15. Hofer, B. K.,Pintrich, P. R.(1997).The Development of epistemological theories: Beliefs about knowledge and knowing and their relation to learning.Review of Educational Research,67(1),88-140.
16. Hoyle, R. H.(ed.)(1995).Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
17. Kardash, C. M.,Scholes, R. J.(1996).Effects of preexisting beliefs, epistemological beliefs, and need for cognition on interpretation of controversial issues.Journal of Educational Psychology,88(2),260-271.
18. King, P. M.,Kitchener, K. S.(1994).Developing reflective judgment: Understanding and promoting intellectual growth and critical thinking in adolescents and adults.San Francisco, CA:Jossey Bass.
19. Nussbaum, E. M.,Bendixen, L. D.(2003).Approaching and avoiding arguments: The role of epistemological beliefs, need for cognition, and extraverted personality traits.Contemporary educational Psychology,28,573-595.
20. Pajares, F.(1992).Teachers' beliefs and educational research: Cleaning up a messy construct.Review of Educational Research,62(3),307-332.
21. Perry, W. G.(1970).Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: A scheme.New York, NY:Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
22. Podsakoff, P.,MacKenzie, S. B.,Lee, J. Y.,Podsakoff, N. P.(2003).Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.Journal of Applied Psychology,88(5),879-903.
23. Qian, G.,Alvermann, D.(1995).Role of epistemological beliefs and learned helplessness in secondary school students' learning science concepts from text.Journal of Educational Psychology,87(2),282-292.
24. Rokeach, M.(1968).Beliefs, attitudes, and values.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
25. Ryan, M. P.(1984).Monitoring text comprehension: Individual diVerences in epistemological standards.Journal of Educational Psychology,76,248-258.
26. Schoenfeld, A. H.(1983).Beyond the purely cognitive: Belief systems, social cognitions, and metacognitions as driving forces in intellectual performance.Cognitive Science,7(4),329-363.
27. Schoenfeld, A. H.(ed.)(1985).Mathematical problem solving.New York, NY:Academy Press.
28. Schommer, M.(1990).Effects of beliefs about the nature of knowledge on comprehension.Journal of Educational Psychology,82(3),498-504.
29. Schommer, M.(1998).The influence of age and education on epistemological beliefs.British Journal of Educational Psychology,68(4),551-562.
30. Schommer, M.(1994).Synthesizing epistemological belief research: Tentative understandings and provocative confusions.Educational Psychology Review,6,293-319.
31. Schommer, M.,Duell, O. K.,Barker, S.(2003).Epistemological beliefs across domains using Biglan's classification of academic disciplines research in higher education.Research in Higher Education,44(3),347-366.
32. Schommer-Aikins, M.,Duell, O. K.,Hutter, R.(2005).Epistemological beliefs, mathematical problem-solving beliefs, and academic performance of middle school students.Elementary School Journal,105(3),289-304.
33. Shavelson, R. J.,Webb, N. M.(1991).Generalizability theory: A primer.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
34. Stromso, H. I.,Braten, I.(2003).Epistemological beliefs and implicit theories of intelligence among Norwegian post-secondary students.10th European Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction,Padova, Italy:
35. Thompson, B.(2004).Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications.Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
36. Tsai, C. C.,Chuang, S. C.(2005).The correlation between epistemological beliefs and preferences toward Internet-based learning environments.British Journal of Educational Technology,36(1),97-100.
37. Wright, B. D.,Masters, G. N.(1982).Rating scale analysis.Chicago, IL:MESA Press.

1. 賴英娟、巫博瀚(2018)。臺灣國中生「數學知識信念量表」之編製。測驗學刊，65(3)，315-339。
2. 凃金堂(2017)。國小教師數學知識信念量表之發展與信效度考驗。教育心理學報，49(2)，295-320。