百日政變後之法國政情與路易十八之二次復辟

The Second Restoration of Louis XVIII

10.29624/CHJH.200706.0016

王英男(Ying-Nan Wang)

百日政變 ； 二次復辟 ； Louis XVIII ； Restauration

興大歷史學報

18期（2007 / 06 / 01）

381 - 398

繁體中文

拿破崙一世掌政後波旁王朝之傾覆已指日可待，雖有維也納會議諸列強加意扶持路易十八之復辟，惟人心已去是乃有拿氏流放後之「百日革命」，雖再以失敗告終，拿氏並遭終身監禁，然法國所受之傷害誠不足以道里計。賠款、割地、甚且超過百萬之敵軍進駐，生靈塗炭國祚日衰，風雲際會而有了路易十八之二次復辟。路易十八以屈辱之心緒，折衝於列強之間，以其人豐富之知識，委婉之手段，也竟使其祖國轉危為安，並得重登歐陸之大國地位。「白色恐怖」之政策施為堪稱其治國之敗筆，惟本文於此一問題論述甚鮮，而僅以路易十八二次復辟之政務操持為重心之說明，盼為讀者諒。

Established by Henri IV, the House of Bourbon ruled France from 1589~1792. During this period France exerted tremendous political and cultural influence in Europe. The first King, Henry IV, ruled the country with great wisdom and strategy from 1589 to 1610. The second famous King, Louis XIV, assisted by the courtier such as Jean Colbert to develop and support economy and commerce, patronized literature and arts and was regarded the paradigm of the European monarchy. Louis XIV who ruled from 1643~1715 established the hegemony at the zenith of his political competence and achievement. After his death, France lost its footing on the political arena in Europe. The successor Louis XVI, helped by Robert Turgot and Jacques Necker to implement the unsuccessful economic reforms, caused the outburst of French Revolution in 1789 and was beheaded in 1793. Another successor Louis XVIII was obliged to resign during the 100~day coup led by Napoleon and restored his ruling again after the Waterloo War. Although historians did not regard Louis XVIII with high esteem, his great commitment to maintain the stability of the country and his intelligence to pacify and soothe the emotional upheaval surpassed all the predecessors. It's believed that the efficient and benevolent governance of the ruler will certainly bring forth the prosperity and happiness of the people.

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