英文摘要
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To understand the formation and the transformation of the ideas of historiography in Chinese Modern History, one should never neglect the change of the research methods on the study of Chinese history in the last century. Strictly speaking, unlike the western societies, the research methods of the historical study in ancient Chinese are based on jing、shi、zi、ji, which are considered to be a catalogue of books instead of a category of science, while the western scientific research is based on the meaningful scientific categorization. However, we could not help but applying what we have learned about the western methods of scientific categorization when we try to study the past history. Therefore, there are many inspiring questions continuously raised by modern historians: for example, how could we clarify the ”differences” between the study of the traditional Chinese history and the western modern history? Is there on earth a so-called ”history” in China? Or is there any study like ”historiography”? Nevertheless, most of the modern historians have been guided by the western ways of thinking so they have spontaneously answered the questions mostly from the western view points but with little traditional in-depth historical criticism. As a matter of fact, China not only has history but also the profound knowledge historical study, meaning that the Chinese traditional historical study on the meaning of the events, documents and consciousness. We are wondering if the western historical study before the modern period is successful when we apply the methods of Chinese traditional historical study to interpret the western historical study. In short, Chinese modern history is a history full of crises which have simultaneously achieved the certain level of historical meaning. However, the meaning of history doesn't exist alone without the influence of the historical knowledge that is enhanced by historical interpretation, resulting in a bound web among historical consciousness, historical knowledge, as well as historical interpretation. Such web has formed the ideas of historiography, which is a complex of ideas existing in the process of historical study as well as influencing the people's perspectives on historical interpretation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify how the traditional Confucian's thoughts influence the study of Chinese modern history and how it restricts the consistent change of the modern historical study. Although there is a great impact from the western historical study, the traditional historical study influenced by Confucian's thoughts does not disappear; on the contrary, it has formed a unique way of interpreting history which is different from the western historical study-that is bian-i-shi-guan and i-li-shi-guan.
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