路易十八與權臣德卡茲

Louis XVIII and Courtier Elie Dcazes

10.29624/CHJH.201106.0004

王英男(Ying-Nan Wang)

德卡茲 ； 阿荷它 ； Elie Decazes ； comte d'Artois

興大歷史學報

23期（2011 / 06 / 01）

95 - 113

繁體中文

法國國王路易十八，年少以政治婚姻之不幸結合結褵不逾載即告分居，終生未再娶是亦無子嗣。一八一五年王朝再次復辟後以國事倥傯，幸得權臣德卡茲之臂助而致政通人和百廢俱興，路易十八以移情之心緒而視德卡茲為親子，惠錫恩寵不次簡拔。惟以王弟阿荷它伯爵家眾之妒意，在儲君貝利公爵遇刺身亡後，德卡茲乃以警政部長之權責關係人而黯然去職。竟或使已入春秋老耄之齡的國王路易十八頓失其心靈之所寄附者，失志之餘乃悄然「隱世」，將朝政多付予其僅思報復於其大革命後流亡之苦難，卻爾不才之幼弟阿荷它伯爵，致令白色恐怖、七月革命踵續以至，波旁王室之國祚也因以隳墜。

Charles X(1824-1830), King of France, with audacity and perversity, worked zealously to rebuild the old features of tyranny before the Great Revolution. With revenge and severe cruelty, he restored the compensation for the lost privileges, properties to the old kings and aristocrats and increased respectfully the power of the missionaries of the Catholicism and eliminated the persecutions imposed on the church. Since the restoration of Louis XVIII(1815~1824), brother of Charles X, the official dynasty of les Bourbons of more than 200 years corrupted in less than 15 years. Some people claim that Charles X who ruled behind a screen in 1820 and was enthroned in 1824 lost the supervision and support of his brother, bombarded by the tricky and malicious courtiers and alienated from the loyal people with valuable suggestions. On the other hand, due to the secrecy and mystery of the dynasty, the political performances of Charles X, based on his background and horrifying memory of exile after the Great Revolution, and sudden disappearance of Louis XVIII from the political arena at late age were examined sharply by the history. Especially after Elie Decazes(1780-1860), nicknamed 'son' by the king, was abdicated and exiled, Louis XVIII became inert and indifferent and put the country on the hands of Charles Philippe, comte d'Artois(1757-1836), inexperienced, irresponsible, and unintelligent younger brother.

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1. 江彥賢(2018)。扭轉法國頹勢－路易十八與1818年歐洲駐軍的撤離。興大人文學報，61，79-112。