當代生命倫理學

An Introduction to Bioethics

10.6145/jme.200212_6(4).0002

蔡甫昌(Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai)；李明濱(Ming-Been Lee)

倫理學 ； 應用倫理學 ； 生命倫理 ； 醫學倫理 ； 原則主義 ； 四原則方法 ； ethics ； applied ethics ； bioethics ； medical ethics ； principlism ； four-principles approach

Journal of Medical Education

6卷4期（2002 / 12 / 01）

381 - 395

繁體中文

生命倫理自一九七○年代起逐漸受到重視，台灣地區自一九九○年代起，也逐漸引起醫學教育學者及社會大眾的關注，而醫學倫理的教學方式與策略也逐漸轉向以問題為導向的跨科整合型的教學與案例研討，而本國探討有關醫學倫理學的論著篇幅也明顯地增加中；本文擬整體型地針對當代生命倫理學之歷史發展、生命倫理學之方法論（包括目的論、義務論、德行倫理、原則主義、女性主義生命倫理、決疑論、社群主義、儒家生命倫理）、原則主義的方法與原則（包括尊重自主、行善、不傷害、正義）及其批判、醫學倫理的十二個核心主題及生物基因科技相關主要倫理課題（包括基因改造作物、基因轉殖動物及異種移植、基因檢測、基因治療、幹細胞研究、人類無性生殖）做一概要、綜合性之介紹，並藉生命倫理議題之呈現嚐試指出生命倫理學不僅是一種集合多重專業之研究領域，並且與每一個醫療照護工作者及生命科學研究者都有密切的關係，有必要在醫學教育及生命科學教育與專業訓練的過程中被強調與實踐。

Bioethics has increasingly attracted the attention of medical professionals over the past ten years in Taiwan. Some review articles have mentioned general principles, rules and other related issues in the context of their clinical application. This paper aims to present a more comprehensive introduction. This includes its historical development and methodologies including consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, principlism, feminist bioethics, casuistry, communitarian ethics, and Confucian bioethics. Also included are the methods and principles of principilism such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, together with an analysis of various criticisms of this approach. Finally, the 12 core issues of medical ethics, and the main contemporary ethical issue of bio-genetic technology, including genetic modified food, transgenetic animals, xeno-transplantation, genetic testing, gene therapy, stem cell research, and human cloning, will be examined. By putting forward the principal ethical issues arising from modern medical practice and the development of biogenetic technology, the author intends to explain that bioethics not only employs a multidisciplinary approach but also is very relevant to the daily work of every health care professional and bio-science researcher. Bioethics should be emphasized and put into practice during medical and bio-science education and also during later professional training.

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