環境美學：東方與西方的對話

Environmental Aesthetics: East-West Dialogue

荷姆斯．羅斯頓Ⅲ(Holmes Rolston, III)；齊君(Jun Qi)

環境問題 ； 景觀 ； 人與自然 ； 哲學 ； environmental problem ； landscape ； human and nature ； philosophy

應用倫理評論

60期（2016 / 04 / 01）

23 - 45

繁體中文

本文是西方視角下對中國環境問題及環境美學提出的系列質疑與建議。首先從「藝術與自然」，「城市、鄉村與荒野」，「人居環境的地方性」，「景觀之醜」四大方面拋出四個問題：中國的景觀是否是藝術的作品？中國人是否是三維人？中國是否不同於世界上的任何一個地方？中國景觀中的醜之何在？運用西方環境美學思想與孔孟等中國哲學中的環境觀進行碰撞，對以上問題展開探討。最後就環境美學與生態美學、環境政策的關係維度對美麗中國的建設發表觀點。

This article provided questions and suggestions about Chinese Environmental problems and aesthetics in a western perspective. Aiming at 4 aspects, ＂art and nature＂, ＂urban, rural, wild＂, ＂residence in place＂, ＂ugly＂, the author posed 4 questions-Chinese landscape as a work of art? Are the Chinese three dimensional persons? Is China like no place else on earth? What on Chinese landscape is ugly? The article analyzed these questions by comparing western environmental aesthetics with Chinese philosophy such as Confucius and Mencius. At last, the author offered views on the development of Beautiful China by discussing the relationships between environmental aesthetics and ecoaesthetics, environmental policy.

1. Chai, Jing, 2015, Under the Dome, Youtube, URL=https://m.youtube.com/watch?list=LxU79dQZwwJPkEaR1jM8iJQS0L9iMopog&v=PjHyAl0h4t8 (2015/04/02 瀏覽).
2. Berleant, Arnold(2012).Aesthetics Beyond the Arts: New and Recent Essays.Farnham:Ashgate.
3. Chen, Wang-heng(trans.),Su, Feng(trans.),Cipriani, Gerald(ed.)(2015).Chinese Environmental Aesthetics.New York:Rouledge.
4. Confucius,Legge, James(trans.)(1971).Confucius: Confucian Analects, The Great Learning & The Doctrine of the Golden Mean.NY:Dover Publications.
5. He, Qiang(2014).Economic Development and Coastal Ecosystem Change in China.Scientific Reports,4(5995),1-9.
6. Ivanhoe, Philip J.(edited),Van Norden, Bryan(edited)(2005).Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy.Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing Co.
7. Kellert, Stephen R.(2005).Building for Life: Designing and Understanding the Human-Nature Connection.Washington, DC:Island Press.
8. Kempton, W. M.,Boster, James S.,Hartley, Jennifer A(1996).Environmental Values in American Culture.Washington, DC:Island Press.
9. Leopold, Aldo(1968).A Sand County Almanac.New York:Oxford University Press.
10. Nielsen, Chris P.(ed.),Ho, Mun S.(ed.)(2013).Clearer Skies over China: Reconciling Air Quality, Climate, and Economic Goals.Cambridge:The MIT Press.
11. Tu, Wei-ming(2010).An 'Anthropocosmic' Perspective on Creativity.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,2,7305-7311.
12. Tuan, Yi-fu(1974).Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Value.Engelwood Cliffs, N. J.:Prentice-Hall.
13. Tucker, Mary Evelyn(edited),Berthrong, John(edited)(1998).Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans.MS:Harvard University Press.
14. Wee, Celia(2009).Mencius and the Natural Environment.Environmental Ethics,31,359-374.
15. Wong, Pak-hang(2015).Confucian Environmental Ethics, Climate Engineering, and the 'Playing God' Argument.Zygon,50,28-41.
16. Yao, Xin-zhong(2014).An Eco-Ethical Interpretation of Confucian Tianren Heyl.Frontiers of Philosophy in China,9,570-585.
17. Yu, Kong-jian(1995).Cultural Variations in Landscape Preference: Comparisons among Chinese Sub-groups and Western Design Experts.Landscape and Urban Planning,32,107-126.