重新評估亞倫．高文的性平實論－再思性的定義

Reassessing Alan Goldman's Plain Sex View: Rethinking the Definition of Sex

關啟文(Kai-Man Kwan)

亞倫．高文 ； 性平實論 ； 性的定義 ； Alan Goldman ； Plain Sex View ； definition of sex

應用倫理評論

75期（2023 / 10 / 01）

81 - 109

繁體中文;英文

高文（Alan Goldman）在1977出版了論文為性平實論辯護，他認為性只不過是透過接觸別人的身體而獲得快感──就是這麼平實或平凡，並無其他奧妙或神聖的東西。性也不是為了甚麼目的而存在，如繁殖、溝通、愛與委身等等，都與性不相干。他的性平實論非常有影響力，很多人認為他已成功駁斥傳統的性道德，但事實上他的分析就算在世俗性哲學家當中，也受到嚴厲批評。本論文會透過多個反例顯示性平實論的概念分析面對種種問題。

In a paper published in 1977, Alan Goldman argued for a Plain Sex View. The idea is that the purpose of sex is simply pleasure derived from contact with another person's body, and other ends like reproduction, communication, expression of love and commitment and so on are irrelevant. This article has been immensely influential, and is still regarded by many as a convincing refutation of traditional sexual morality. In this paper, I will critically evaluate his plain sex analysis and argue that it is vulnerable to numerous counterexamples.

1. Audi, Robert(2013).Moral Perception.Princeton:Princeton University Press.
2. Copp, David(1984).Considered Judgments & Moral Justification: Conservation in Moral Theory.Reason & Truth: New Essays on the Foundation of Ethics,Totowa, New Jersey:
3. Daniels, Norman(1984).Two Approaches to Theory Acceptance in Ethics.Morality, Reason & Truth: New Essays on the Foundation of Ethics,Totowa, New Jersey:
4. DePaul, Michael R(1993).Balance & Refinement: Beyond Coherence Methods of Moral Inquiry.London:Routledge.
5. Enoch, David(2011).Taking Morality Seriously: A Defense of Robust Realism.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
6. Finnis, John(1994).Law, Morality and Sexual Orientation.Notre Dame Law Review,69,5.
7. Finnis, John M(1970).Natural Law and Unnatural Acts.The Heythrop Journal,11,365-387.
8. George, Robert(1999).In Defense of Natural Law.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
9. Goldman, Alan H(2003).Sexual Ethics.A Companion to Applied Ethics,Oxford:
10. Goldman, Alan H(1977).Plain Sex.Philosophy and Public Affairs,6(3),267-287.
11. Huemer, Michael(2006).Ethical Intuitionism.Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.
12. Kwan, Kai-man(2011).The Rainbow of Experiences, Critical Trust, and God: A Defense of Holistic Empiricism.New York:Continuum.
13. Moore, G. E., 1903, Principia Ethica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
14. Nagel, Thomas(1969).Sexual Perversion.Journal of Philosophy,66,1.
15. Primoratz, Igor(1997).Sexual Perversion.American Philosophical Quarterly,34(2),245-258.
16. Primoratz, Igor(Ed.)(1997).Human Sexuality.Aldershot:Ashgate.
17. Primoratz, Igor.(1999).Ethics and Sex.London:Routledge.
18. Pruss, Alexander R(2003).Not out of Lust But in Accordance with Truth: Theological and Philosophical Reflections on Sexuality and Reality.Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture,6(4),51-80.
19. Pruss, Alexander R. One Body: Reflections on Christian Sexual Ethics., http://bearspace.baylor.edu/Alexander_Pruss/wwwithpapers/OneBody-talk.html
20. Punzo, Vincent(2008).Morality and Human Sexuality.Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Moral Issues, 11th edition,Dubuque, Iowa:
21. Rawls, John(1971).A Theory of Justice.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
22. Ross, W. D.(1954).Kant’s Ethical Theory.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
23. Scruton, Roger(1986).Sexual Desire: A Philosophical Investigation.London:Phoenix.
24. Shafer-Landau, Russ(2003).Moral Realism: A Defence.Oxford:Clarendon Press.
25. Smith, Joseph Wayne(1988).Essays on Ultimate Questions.Aldershot:Avebury.
26. Soble, Alan(1980).Masturbation.Pacific Philosophical Journal,61,233-244.
27. Soble, Alan(2001).Sexual Use and What To Do About It: Internalist and Externalist Sexual Ethics.Essays in Philosophy: A Biannual Journal,2,2.
28. Soble, Alan(1996).Sexual Investigations.New York:New York University Press.
29. Soble, Alan(1997).Sexual Activity.Sex, Love and Friendship: Studies of the Society for the Philosophy of Sex and Love 1977-1992,Amsterdam:
30. Soble, Alan(1998).The Philosophy of Sex and Love: An Introduction.Minnesota:Paragon House.
31. Solomon, Robert C.(1975).Sex and Perversion.Philosophy and Sex,Buffalo, New York:
32. Solomon, Robert C.(1974).Sexual Paradigms.Journal of Philosophy,96,336-345.
33. 關啟文(1998).我信故我思—真理路上的摰誠探索.香港:基督徒學生福音團契.
34. 關啟文(2006).上帝、世俗社會與道德的基礎.香港:天道.