社會工作紀錄問題檢視與反思

A Critical Look at Record-Keeping in Social Work

10.6785/SPSW.201112.0143

汪淑媛(Shu-Yuan Wang)

社會工作 ； 社工紀錄 ； 責信 ； 風險管理 ； Taiwan social work ； social work record ； accountability ； risk management

社會政策與社會工作學刊

15卷2期（2011 / 12 / 01）

141 - 185

繁體中文

本研究蒐集121份社工員自顧填寫的匿名問卷，發現88%社工員有紀錄寫不完的壓力，61%的社工表示寫紀錄的時間多於直接服務案主的時間，每位社工平均花在紀錄書寫的時間達46%的工時。紀錄是當前實務社工的普遍性問題，其成因不僅是社工本身能力問題，也反映社會工作內在的兩難與結構性因素。雖然社會工作服務使用者與資源提供者不同，紀錄是不可避免的，然而本研究發現社工專業對紀錄所扮演的功能過度期待可能是造成耗時的關鍵因素，同時也與社工員耗竭與人力不足現象相關。作者建議精簡紀錄內容，以工作掌握、責信、與風險管理作為實務工作紀錄主要功能訴求。

Questionnaires from 121 social workers in Taiwan revealed 88%were stressed by their job's record-keeping requirements and 61% spent more time keeping records of the services they delivered than actually delivering those services. They spent an average of 46% of total hours worked keeping records. Though social workers are not paid by those they serve and instead need to account for themselves to those who do fund their work and evaluate their performance-still, the exaggerated recordkeeping requirements most social workers are saddled with today cannot help but contribute to burn-out and the shortage of human resources in the profession. As necessary a part of their job as it is, record-keeping should not be allowed to become an obstacle to the effective performance of the social workers' main duties. The author suggests that simplifying recordkeeping requirements in the profession would equally well serve risk management and accountability needs.

1. 王行(2005)。擾人的傅柯與社工的擾人：閱讀Chambon, Irving & Epstein的《傅柯與社會工作》。台灣社會研究季刊，59，315-322。
   連結：
2. 汪淑媛(2008)。論台灣社工作教育對社會工作職業風險之忽視。台大社會工作學刊，17，1-42。
   連結：
3. 鄭瑞隆(2005)。家庭暴力社會工作專業服務困境與改進措施之研究。犯罪學期刊，7(2)，129-164。
   連結：
4. Sheffield, A. (1920). The Social Case History: Its Construction and Content. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
5. NASW(2008). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly and Revised by the 2008 NASW Delegate Assembly. (http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp)
6. Barber, C.(1996).Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity as Predictors of Burnout among Staff Caring for Elderly Dementia Patients.Journal of Gerontological Social Work,26(1/2),101-116.
7. Butler, I.(2002).A Code of Ethics for Social Work and Social Care Research.British Journal of Social Work,32(2),239-248.
8. Chambon, A.編、Irving, A.編、Epstein, L.編、王增勇譯、范燕燕譯、官辰怡譯、廖瑞華譯、簡憶鈴譯(2005)。傅柯與社會工作。台北:心理。
9. Coffey, M.,Dugdill, L.,Tattersall, A.(2004).Stress in Social Service: Mental Well-being, Constraints and Satisfaction.British Journal of Social Work,34(5),735-746.
10. Coyle, D.,Edwards, D.,Hannigan, B.,Fothergill, A.,Burnard, P.(2005).A Systematic Reviews of Stress among Mental Health Social Workers.International Social Work,48(2),201-211.
11. Edwards, R. L.,Reid, W. J.(1989).Structured Case Recording in Child Welfare: an Assessment of Social Workers Reaction.Social Work,34(1),49-52.
12. Egan, G.、鍾瑞麗譯(2009)。助人歷程與技巧。台北:雙葉書廊。
13. Fineman, S.(1986).Social Work Stress and Intervention.England:Gower Publishing Company.
14. Frings, J.(1957).Experimental Systems of Recording.Social Casework,38(1),55-59.
15. Gelman, S. R.(1992).Risk Management Through Client Access to Case Records.Social Work,37(1),73-79.
16. Glaser, G. B.,Strauss, A. L.(1967).The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.Chicaco:Aldine Pub. Co..
17. Graybeal, C. T.,Ruff, E.(1995).Process Recording: It's More Than You Think.Journal of Social Work Education,31(2),68-181.
18. Howe, D.(1994).Modernity, Postmodernity and Social Work.British Journal of Social Work,24(5),513-532.
19. Hugman, R.(2003).Professional Values and Ethics in Social Work: Reconsidering Postmodernism?.British Journal of Social Work,33(8),1025-1041.
20. Kagle, J. D.(1993).Record Keeping Directions for the 1990s.Social Work,38(2),190-196.
21. Kagle, J. D.(1987).Recording in Direct Practice. Encyclopedia of Social Work.Silver Spring, MD:NASW Press.
22. Kagle, J. D.(1983).The Contemporary Social Work Record.Social Work,28(2),149-153.
23. Karger, J. H.,Hernanadez, T. M.(2004).The Decline of the Public Intellectual in Social Work.Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare,31(3),51-68.
24. Lloyd, C.,King, R.,Chenoweth, L.(2002).Social work, Stress and Burnout: A Review.Journal of Mental Health,11(3),255-265.
25. McDevitt, S.(1994).Case Records in Public Child Welfare: Uses and a Flexible Format.Child Welfar,68(1),41-55.
26. Milan, M. A.,Montgomery, R. W.,Rogers, E. C.(1994).Theoretical Orientation Revolution in Clinical Psychology: Fact or Fiction?.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,25(4),398-402.
27. Pease, B.(2002).Rethinking Empowerment: A Postmodern Reappraisal for Emancipatory Practice.British Journal of Social Work,32(2),135-147.
28. Pray, J.(1991).Reflecting the Uniqueness of the Individual: Social Work Practice within a Reflective Model.Social Work,36(1),80-86.
29. Reamer, F. G.(2005).Documentation in Social Work: Evolving Ethical and Risk-Management Standards.Social Work,50(4),325-334.
30. Schön, D.(1983).The Reflective Practitioner.New York:Basic Books.
31. Strauss, A.,Corbin, J.(1998).Basic of Qualitative Research.CA:Sage Publications.
32. Toseland, R. W.、Rivas, R. F.、莫藜藜譯(2008)。團體工作實務。台北:雙葉書廊。
33. Vinokur-Kaplan, D.,Hartman, A.(1986).A National Profile of Child Welfare Workers and Supervisors.Child Welfare,65(4),323-335.
34. West, J.,Bubenzer, D.,Pinsoneault, T.,Holeman, V.(1983).Three Supervision Modalities for Training Marital and Family Counselors.Counselor Education and Supervision,33(2),127-138.
35. Wilson, S.(1981).Field Instruction: Techniques for Supervisors.New York:Free Press.
36. Wilson, S.(1980).Recording Guidelines for Social Workers.New York:Free Press.
37. Yalom, I. D.、易之新譯(2002)。生命的禮物─給心理治療師的85則備忘錄。台北:心靈工坊。
38. 王行編(2004)。親職暴力處遇─介入與省思。台北:心理。
39. 汪淑媛(2010)。讓社會創傷轉化為正向的反思與實踐力量─從曹母攜女自殺事件談起。社區發展季刊，131，371-384。
40. 周月清(2002)。台灣社會工作發展的危機與轉機─社工教育與實務的省思。社區發展季刊，99，90-125。
41. 林萬億(2007)。團體工作理論與實務。台北:五南。
42. 常玉琴、黃惠姿、王襄華、張雅惠、樊君儀、高麗娟、戴千淑(2009)。提昇護理紀錄書寫完整性之改善方案。榮總護理，3(26)，304-310。
43. 張秀娟、張育婷、劉玉玲、章淑娟(2009)。骨科病房護理紀錄書寫之改善方案。領導護理，2(10)，121-129。
44. 許林高編(2010)。社會個案工作的過程─理論與實務。台北:五南。
45. 許祖維(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立暨南國際大學社會政策與社會工作學系。
46. 黃源協(2008)。社會工作管理。台北:雙葉書廊。
47. 黃源協、蕭文高(2010)。社區工作。台北:國立空中大學。
48. 黃維憲、曾華源、王慧君(1985)。社會個案工作。台北:五南。
49. 潘淑滿(2000)。社會個案工作。台北:心理。
50. 謝秀芬(2005)。社會個案工作─理論與技巧。台北:雙葉書廊。
51. 蘇景輝(2009)。社區工作：理論與實務。台北:巨流。

1. 汪淑媛(2013)。影響家暴防治社工身心安全之風險因素分析。社會政策與社會工作學刊，17(1)，175-215。
2. (2013)。家暴庇護安置服務績效評估研究─以善牧親心家園為例。社區發展季刊，142，96-117。