超越形式化性別平等：美國女性政經影響力與女性權益關係之研究

Beyond Symbolic Representation: Women's Political and Economic Influences on Women's Rights and Benefits in the United States

10.6785/SPSW.201206.0059

鄭麗嬌(Lee-Joy Cheng)

形式代表 ； 實質代表 ； 女性權益 ； 性別平等 ； 線性結構關係模式 ； descriptive representation ； substantive representation ； women's rights and benefits ； gender equality ； LlSREL

社會政策與社會工作學刊

16卷1期（2012 / 06 / 01）

59 - 86

繁體中文

在各工業先進國家中，美國給予婦女的權益與福祉，相對各國是最微薄的。許多文獻從職場上的兩性應然比例觀點，論述合理或不合理的女性比例與女性權益之關係，但本研究則超越消極形式比例的性別平等論述，自積極實質代表觀點，採用LISREL分析方法，探討美國女性政治、經濟實力與女性權益政策、生活安全保障等四大構面之間的結構關係。主要研究發現如下：1. 女性的經濟實力確能促進較佳女性權益政策之推動，也有助女性政治實力的增強，但對女性生活安全的保障並無直接的影響效果。2. 女性政治實力對女性生活安全保障，雖然有直接的正向影響效果，但效果不大：惟如透過女性政策的有效推動，則效果較佳。

Among affluent industrialized nations, the United States provides the fewest rights and benefits for women. While previous literature focused on examining gender ratios in every aspect of the labor market and exploring the relationship between the ratio of female representation and benefits, this study chooses an active representation approach that goes beyond describing gender equality. In this study, LlSREL model statistical analysis is employed to examine the structural relationship between women's political and economic power, policy performance and social security in the United States. Concretely, the major findings are: (1) women's economic power promotes better welfare policy performance for women and enhances the political power of women, while exerting an indirect positive effect on their social security; (2) though the degree of political power of women has a direct, but moderate, positive effect on their social security, better effects may be obtained through more effective performance of welfare policies.

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