英文摘要
|
The financial crisis in 2008/2009 hit most of countries in the world. Taiwan also faced serious recession, such as high unemployment rate, increasing income inequality and poverty rate. A large number of workers were excluded from labor market and suffered poverty risk. Conventionally, efficacy theory and complementary approach hold opposite opinions about how the welfare state responses to globalization or financial crisis. However, they ignore that the state has the capacity of governance on social protection. In this article, we bring the role o f the welfare state back into analysis to elucidate how the Taiwanese government dealt with the 2008/2009 financial crisis. Was the reform a path dependence or a paradigm change? In conclusion, we find that social protect ion reform s in Taiwan were constrained by productivism. Economic growth will eventually lift people out of poverty. Thus, the government concentrated resources on the financial and bank sectors, but social protection received less attention. Although government expenditure expanded during the crisis period, it was temporary. After the crisis, the government cut social expenditure. Promoting economic growth and cutting tax did not have positive impacts on working class and income inequality. Although the income transfer programs helped to reduce income inequality in 2008/2009, the government is reluctant to further income transfer programs. Thus, we concluded that the welfare reforms did not transform the Taiwanese welfare state toward social investment welfare state, but still stuck to productivism. In the long run, the Taiwanese social security system will be not sufficient to protect people if the government does not overhaul the social security system.
|
参考文献
|
-
呂建德(2001)。從福利國家到競爭式國家?全球化與福利國家的危機。台灣社會學刊,2,263-313。
連結:
-
傅從喜(2006)。我國公共服務擴大就業計畫之再就業效果評析。社會政策與社會工作學刊,10(1),115-149。
連結:
-
時報資訊,2010年3月7日。
-
行政院主計處(2011)。《國民所得與經濟成長》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/no.asp?ctNode=2826)。
-
行政院主計處(2009)。《97年家庭收支調查報告》。行政院主計處網頁(http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/97.pdf)。
-
職業訓練局(2012)。《歷年公務決算書、就業安定基金決算書》。職業訓練局網頁(http://www.evta.gov.tw/content/list.asp?mfunc_id=8&func_id=8&mcata_id=755)。
-
行政院主計處(2009)。《2009年受僱員工薪資調查與生產力統計年報》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/0641181871.DOC)。
-
International Monetary Fund (2011). World Economic Outlook Database. (http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/index.aspx).http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/02/weodata/index.aspx
-
陳梅英(2009)。《消費券效益遠恆於預估》,自由時報,11月24日。
-
行政院主計處(2010)。《99年家庭收支調查報告》。行政院主計處網頁(http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/99.pdf)。
-
行政院主計處(2011)。《就業、失業統計》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=30865&ctNode=3247&mp=1)。
-
行政院主計處(2011)。《人力資源調查》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/np.asp?ctNode=2840)。
-
行政院主計處(2011)。《國民經濟動向統計季報第132期》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/13914163071.pdf)。
-
行政院主計處(2009)。《國民經濟動向統計季報第124期》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/93913585271.pdf)。
-
Cazes, S., S. Verick and C. Heuer (2009). 'Labour Market Policies in Times of Crisis', ILO Employment Working Paper, No.35.
-
Verick, S. (2009). 'Who is Hit Hardest During a Financial Crisis? The Vulnerability of Young Men and Women to Unemployment in an Economic Downturn', IZA Dicussion Paper, No. 4359.
-
勞工保險局(2010)。《勞工保險統計年報─99年》。勞工保險局網頁(http://www.bli.gov.tw/sub.aspx?a=quVMPpEyz9Y%3D)。
-
行政院勞工委員會(2008)。《行政院勞工委員會啟動穩定就業輔導團》。行政院勞工委員會網頁(http://www.cla.gov.tw/cgi-bin/Message/MM_msg_control?mode=viewnews&ts=492a709d:1d5&theme)。
-
Messenger, J. (2009). 'Work Sharing: A Strategy to Preserve Jobs during the Global Jobs Crisis', ILO Policy Brief, NO.1..
-
教育部(2012)。《教育部積極保障大學生升學權益、提升就業能力》。教育部網頁(http://www.edu.tw/high/news.aspx?news_sn=5072)。
-
財政部(2011)。《100年度財政統計年報》。財政部網頁(http://www.mof.gov.tw/public/Data/statistic/Year_Fin/100%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%9B%B8/htm/yearmenu.htm)。
-
行政院勞工委員會(2009)。《經濟不景氣,行政院勞工委員會今年度椎動各項促進就業措施》。行政院勞工委員會網頁(http://www.cla.gov.tw/cgi-bin/Message/MM_msg_control?mode=viewnews&ts=499917ca:26cc&theme=)。
-
行政院經濟建設委員會(2009)。《振興經濟消費券執行相關統計及影響評估報告》。行政院經濟建設委員會網頁(http://www.ey.gov.tw/public/Data/9112013595871.pdf)。
-
行政院主計處(2009)。《國民經濟動向統計季報第125期》。行政院主計處網頁(http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/96810144171.pdf)。
-
行政院勞工委員會(2009)。《員工規模200人以上事業單位採行無薪休假概況》。行政院勞工委員會網頁(http://www.cla.gov.tw/cgi-binlMessage/MM_msg_control?mode=viewnews&ts=496440f1:1b36&theme=)。
-
Cameron, D. R.(1978).The Expansion of Public Economy: A Comparative Analysis.The American Political Science Review,72(4),1243-1261.
-
Castles, F. G.(2010).Black Swans and Elephants on the Move: The Impact of Emergencies on the Welfare State.Journal of European Social Policy,20(2),91-101.
-
Castles, F. G.(Ed.),Leibfried, F.(Ed.),Lewis, J.(Ed.),Obinger, H.(Ed.),Pierson, C.(Ed.)(2010).The Welfare State.New York:Oxford University Press.
-
Deyo, F. C.(1989).Beneath the Miracle: Labor Subordination in the New Asian Industrialism.Berkeley:University of Califonia Press.
-
Esping-Andersen, G.(1990).The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism.Cambridge:Polity Press.
-
Esping-Andersen, G.(2009).Incomplete Revolution: Adapting Welfare States to Women's New Roles.Cambridge:Polity Press.
-
Farnsworth, K.(Ed.),Irving, Z.(Ed.)(2011).Social Policy in Challenging Times: Economic Crisis and Welfare Systems.Chicago:The Policy Press.
-
Garret, G.(1998).Global Markets and National Politics: Collision Course or Virtuous Circle?.International Organization,52(4),787-824.
-
Glyn, A.(2006).Capitalism Unleashed.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
-
Gough, I.(2011).From financial Crisis to Fiscal Crisis.Social Policy in Challenging Times: Economic Crisis and Welfare Systems,Chicago:
-
Granovetter, M.(Ed.),Swedberg, R.(Ed.)(2011).The Sociology of Economic Life.Boulder:Westview Press.
-
Hacker, J. S.(2002).The Divided Welfare State: The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States.New York:Cambridge University Press.
-
Hemerijck, A.(2012).Changing Welfare States.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
-
Holliday, I.(2000).Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia.Political Studies,48(4),706-723.
-
Holliday, I.(2005).East Asian Social Policy in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: Farewell to Productivism?.Policy & Politics,33(1),145-162.
-
Jessop, B.,Sum, N. L.(2007).Beyond the Regulation Approach: Putting Capitalist Economies in Their Place.Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing.
-
Johnson, C.(1982).MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975.Stanford:Stanford University Press.
-
Jones, C.(1993).The Pacific Challenge: Confucian Welfare States.New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe,London:
-
Katzenstein, P. J.(1985).Small State in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe.New York:Cornell University Press.
-
Kim, Y. M.(2008).Beyond East Asian Welfare Productivism in South Korea.Policy & Politics,36(1),109-125.
-
Kwon, S.,Holliday, I.(2007).The Korean Welfare State: A Paradox of Expansion in an Era of Globalisation and Economic Crisis.International Journal of Social Welfare,16(3),242-248.
-
Lee, J.(Ed.),Chan, K. W.(Ed.)(2007).The Crisis of Welfare in East Asia.Maryland:Lexington Books.
-
Lee, Y. J.,Ku, Y. W.(2007).East Asian Welfare Regimes: Testing the Hypothesis of the Developmental Welfare State.Social Policy & Administration,41(2),197-212.
-
Mahoney, J.,Thelen, K.(2010).A Theory of Gradual Institutional Change.Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power,New York:
-
Mok, K. H.(2011).Right Diagnosis and Appropriate Treatment for the Global Financial Crisis? Social Protection Measures and Social Policy Responses in East Asia.New Welfare States in East Asia: Global Challenges and Restructuring,Cheltenham:
-
Morel, N.(Ed.),Palier, B.(Ed.),Palme, J.(Ed.)(2012).Toward a Social Investment We!fare State? Ideas, Policies and Challenges.Chicago:The Policy Press.
-
Oreiro, J. L.(2011).The Crisis in Western and Eastern EU: Does the Policy Reaction Address its Origins?.An Assessment of the Global Impact of the Financial Crisis,New York:
-
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2012).OECD Employment Outlook: Tackling the Jobs.Paris:OECD Publications.
-
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2009).OECD Employment Outlook: Tackling the Jobs.Paris:OECD Publications.
-
Prasad, N.,Gerecke, M.(2010).Social Security Spending in Times of Crisis.Global Social Policy,10(2),218-247.
-
Ramesh, M.(2009).Responding to the Social Repercussions of Economic Crisis in Southeast Asia: Past Experience, Future Direction.9th Annual Conference of the Taiwanese Association for Social Welfare (TASW): Social Policy in East-Asia: International Innovation and Comparative Perspecgive,Taipei:
-
Rodrik, D.(1997).Has Globalization Gone too Far?.Washington, D.C.:Brookling Institute for International Economics.
-
Rudra, N.(2002).Globalization and the Decline of the Welfare State in Less-Developed Countries.International Organization,56(2),411-445.
-
Schmidt, V. A.(2009).Putting the Political Back Into Political Economy by Bringing the State Back In Yet Again.World Politics,61(3),516-546.
-
Streeck, W.(2011).The Crisis of Democratic Capitalism.New Left Review,71,5-29.
-
Streeck, W.(Ed.),Thelen, K.(Ed.)(2005).Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
-
Vis, B.,van Kersbergen, K.,Hylands, T.(2011).To What Extent Did the Financial Crisis Intensify the Pressure to Reform the Welfare State?.Social Policy & Administration,45(4),338-353.
-
Weiss, L.(Ed.)(2003).States in the Global Economy-Bring Domestic Institutions Back In.New York:Cambridge University Press.
-
呂建德(2010)。台灣福利國家與現代性。帝國邊緣:台灣現代性的考察,台北:
-
呂建德、邱靖惠、陳昭榮(2003)。經濟全球化對於台灣勞動體制的衝擊:競爭與保護部門的差異。「邁向新世紀的公平社會─社群、風險與不平等」研討會,台北:
-
李健鴻(2006)。僱用獎助方案的診斷與分析。就業安全,5(2),34-39。
-
周國偉、吳孟道(2010)。金融海嘯與台灣金融市場壓力及因應政策。法制論叢,45,39-68。
-
林宗弘、洪敬舒、李健鴻、王兆慶、張烽益(2011)。崩世代:財團化、貧窮化與少子女化的危機。台北:台灣勞工陣線。
-
金淵明編(2010)。韓國社會保障爭論。北京:中國勞動社會保障出版社。
-
曾敏傑(2001)。中高齡勞工失業現況與變遷:1982與1996年失業潮之比較。台灣社會學刊,25,243-279。
-
賴樹立(2009)。政府因應金融海嘯之就業服務措施與執行現況之探討。就業安全,8(1),4-8。
|