再論專利分析相關文獻之分類研究

Re-examining the Taxonomy of Patent Analysis Literature

10.6378/JTM.200709.0001

張善斌(Shann-Bin Chang)；林美蘭(Mei-Lan Lin)；賴奎魁(Kuei-Kuei Lai)；張淑敏(Shu-Min Chang)

專利 ； 引證 ； 文獻 ； 直系鏈結係數 ； 文獻強度係數 ； Patent ； citation ； literature ； Lineal Linkage Coefficient LLC ； Literature Strength Coefficient LSC

科技管理學刊

12卷3期（2007 / 09 / 01）

1 - 34

繁體中文

專利是企業研發與創新的重要指標，透過一群專利間的關係，可發掘出不同意義的資訊。近二十餘年來，專利分析相關文獻如雨後春筍般的快速產生，專利檢索的條件、分析採用的方法、以及研究目的皆日新月異的變化著。學者們也陸續開始歸納專利分析文獻之類型，期能對專利分析相關文獻有清楚的整理與分類。賴奎魁等(2006)針對1980至2003年間，專利分析運用於管理方面的文獻作為研究對象，採用書目計量學中的共被引方法，歸納出專利分析文獻之群組，並探討每一群組之研究主題與特性。然而，採用共被引方法最大的缺點，即是成功分類文獻比例過低，僅約30.83%。本研究為了克服此項缺點，綜合考慮文獻直接引證與間接引證關係，發展一個新的衡量文獻相關程度的指標－直系鏈結係數。以此指標進行分類的結果，成功分類比例高達79.17%。而在分群方法上，本研究以階層式集群分析取代因素分析，亦消除了因素分析的若干缺點。除此之外，本研究亦利用文獻強度係數以及文獻群組發展之生命週期，最後將190篇專利分析相關文獻歸納為五個群組，分別命名為：研究典範形成、專利基礎應用、專利引證分析、知識經濟與競爭力、及企業策略整合。除了與賴奎魁等(2006)研究結果進行比較外，並分別探討每一群組之主題、特性、與未來發展趨勢。

Patent is an important indicator of business R&D and innovation. We can find different meanings through analyzing the relationships of some patents. During the last two decades, many literatures about patent analysis were generated quickly. The conditions of patent retrieve, the methods of patent analysis, and the objectives of patent research were developed dramatically. Therefore, scholars have classified and summarized the literatures of patent analysis. Lai at al. (2006) used co-citation method of bibliometric to research the literatures of patent analysis during 1980 to 2003, and generalized 20 groups for patent analysis literatures. However, the defect of co-citation is that the ratio of successfully classified literature is too low, only 30.83%. In order to eliminate the defect, this study provides a new indicator naming Lineal Linkage Coefficient (LLC) by direct and indirect citation. The ratio of successful classified literatures is raised to 79.17%. Additionally, this study use Literature Strength Coefficient (LSC) and the life cycle of patent literatures to explore the characteristics of every patent group. Finally, we classify 190 literatures into five groups and name research paradigm formulation, patent basic application, patent citation analysis, knowledge economics and competitiveness, and business strategy integration.

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