以期望理論觀點探討專利期望、專利申請動機與專利組合布局之間的關係

To explore the relationship among Patent Expected Value, Patent Application Motivation and Patent Portfolio: Based on the Expectancy Theory

薛招治(Chao-Chih Hsueh)；鄭意婷(Yi-Ting Jheng)

專利期望價值 ； 專利申請動機 ； 專利組合布局 ； Patent Expected Value ； Patenting Motives ； Patent Portfolio

科技管理學刊

22卷4期（2017 / 12 / 01）

29 - 55

繁體中文

本研究以期望理論的概念，探討專利期望價值、專利申請動機與專利組合布局之間的關係。本研究以2010 至2014 年「業界開發產業技術計畫」結案之766 家企業作為研究對象發放問卷，有效問卷為122 份問卷為本研究之樣本。以PLS 偏最小平方法為研究方法進行假說驗證。研究結果發現，首先企業期望獲得專利價值不同，專利申請動機不同，無論企業期望透過申請專利獲得專利訴訟價值或商業化價值，則企業專利申請保護動機愈強烈，企業利用專利保護發明為專利申請最基本的動機。而企業期望專利產生訴訟價值時，專利申請動機為保護動機，而未產生專利策略動機，說明台灣企業認為專利訴訟的思維與運作停留在法律層次，沒有利用專利訴訟去達到與被訴企業和解，進而達到技術授權、吸引合作等功能。相對地，企業期望專利商業化價值越高，則企業專利申請策略動機愈強烈，企業利用專利作為授權談判、吸引投資或利用於商業經營的手段。當企業專利申請策略動機越強則企業專利組合國內外規模越大，企業布局較大專利組合規模，其背後動機是希望透過專利申請提升企業議價能力而非建構專利地雷網保護發明。最後，本研究提出相關的理論與實務意涵，以供企業未來進行專利組合布局依據。

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among the expected patents value, patenting motives and patent portfolio characteristics based on expectancy theory. The study sample is 122 the government R&D sponsored projects supported by Industrial Technology Development Program responded from 766 questionnaires. We used the PLS partial least squares method to test the hypothesis. Firstly, the results showed that whether films expected that patent can create litigation value or commercial value, films applied patent to protect innovation. However, when the firms expected more litigation patent value, they have patent protection motivation not patent strategy motivation. The phenomenon means that firms in Taiwan patent is a law issue not a business mean that firms can use litigation to let competitors to license patented technology or attract cooperation opportunity. Besides, when the firms expected patent commercial value, they would have patent strategy motivation and use patent to improve a company's own position in negotiations with partners, licensees and the financial sector. When firms tend to have patent strategy motivation, they filed more patents and file then same technology in different countries. The firm had the larger patent portfolio in order to enhance corporate bargaining power rather than construct fencing patent portfolio to protect invention. Finally, we present the theoretical and practical implications about the suggestions of firm patent portfolio in the future.

1. 王明妤、許旭昇(2005)。專利組合分析方法之建構：以磁阻性隨機存取記憶體為例。科技管理學刊，10(3)，97-120。
   連結：
2. 張元杰、蔡林彤飛、邱文宏(2012)。大學專利評價與加值策略。管理與系統，19(4)，625-648。
   連結：
3. 彭臺光、高月慈、林鉦棽(2006)。管理研究中的共同方法變異：問題本質、影響、測試和補救。管理學報，23(1)，77-98。
   連結：
4. 劉江彬、張孟元(2001)。技術與專利價值評估模式之研究。臺大管理論叢，12(1)，37-84。
   連結：
5. Gibbs, A. (2005), “Application of multiple known determinants to evaluate legal, commercial and technical value of a patent”, Technical Representative, Patent cafe..
6. Vermeulen, B. (2003), “Patent Strategy”, Presentation Given to Corp21, From:http://http://www.corp21.com/index.php?pid=103.
7. 經濟部智慧財產局(2017)，「105 年第四季統計季報」， 經濟部智慧財產局官網，取自：http://www.tipo.gov.tw/lp.asp?ctNode=6801&CtUnit=3308&BaseDSD=7&mp=1。
8. Arundel, A.,Patel, P.(2003).Strategic patenting.Background report for the Trend Chart Policy Benchmarking Workshop
9. Arundel, A.,van de Paal, G.,Soete, L.(1995).Innovation Strategies of Europe's Largest Industrial Firms: Results of the PACE Survey for Information Sources, Public Research, Protection of Innovations and Government Programmes.Maastricht:MERIT.
10. Ashton, W.,Sen, R.(1988).Using Patent Information in Business Planning-I.Research Technology Management,31,42-46.
11. Barney, J. A.(2001).Comparative patent quality analysis.NACV White Paper,6(14)
12. Blind, K.,Cremers, K.,Mueller, E.(2009).The influence of strategic patenting on companies' patent portfolios.Research Policy,38(2),428-436.
13. Blind, K.,Edler, J.,Friedewald, M.(2005).Software Patents: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications.Cheltenham, UK:Edward Elgar.
14. Blind, K.,Edler, J.,Frietsch, R.,Schmoch, U.(2004).The patent upsurge in Germany: the outcome of a multi-motive game induced by large companies.Karlsruhe:Fraunhofer ISI.
15. Blind, K.,Edler, J.,Frietsch, R.,Schmoch, U.(2006).Motives to patent: Empirical evidence from Germany.Research Policy,35(5),655-672.
16. Blind, K.,Thumm, N.(2004).Interrelation between patenting and standardisation strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications.Research Policy,33(10),1583-1598.
17. Brockhoff, K. K.(1992).Instruments for patent data analyses in business firms.Technovation,12(1),41-59.
18. Chen, M. J.,Miller, D.(1994).Competitive attack, retaliation and performance: an expectancy-valence framework.Strategic Management Journal,15(2),85-102.
19. Chin, W. W.(1998).Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling.Management Information Systems Quarterly,22(1),3.
20. Chiu, Y. J.,Chen, Y. W.(2007).Using AHP in patent valuation.Mathematical and Computer Modelling,46(7),1054-1062.
21. Cohen, W. M.,Goto, A.,Nagata, A.,Nelson, R. R.,Walsh, J. P.(2002).R&D spillovers, patents and the incentives to innovate in Japan and the United States.Research policy,31(8),1349-1367.
22. Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy(ed.)(2003).,Working Party on Innovation and Policy.
23. Crampton, S. M.,Wagner, J. A., III(1994).Percept-Percept Inflation in Microorganizational Research: An Investigation of Prevalence and Effect.Journal of Applied Psychology,79(1),67-76.
24. Dernburg, T.,Gharrity, N.(1961).A statistical analysis of patent renewal data for three countries.Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Journal,5,340-361.
25. Duguet, E.,Kabla, I.(1998).Appropriation strategy and the motivations to use the patent system in France: an econometric analysis at the firm level.Annales d'Économie et de Statistique,49,289-327.
26. Ernst, H.(1998).Patent portfolios for strategic R&D planning.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,15(4),279-308.
27. Ernst, H.(2003).Patent information for strategic technology management.World patent information,25(3),233-242.
28. Göktepe-Hulten, D.,Mahagaonkar, P.(2010).Inventing and patenting activities of scientists: in the expectation of money or reputation?.The Journal of Technology Transfer,35(4),401-423.
29. Granstrand, O.(1999).The economics and management of intellectual property.Cheltenham:Edward Elga.
30. Hall, B. H.,Jaffe, A.,Trajtenberg, M.(2005).Market value and patent citations.Rand Journal of Economics,36(1),16-38.
31. Harhoff, D.,Scherer, F. M.,Vopel, K.(2003).Citations, family size, opposition and the value of patent rights.Research Policy,32(8),1343-1363.
32. Julian, S. D.,Ofori‐Dankwa, J. C.(2008).Toward an integrative cartography of two strategic issue diagnosis frameworks.Strategic Management Journal,29(1),93-114.
33. Kortum, S.,Lerner, J.(1999).What is behind the recent surge in patenting?.Research policy,28(1),1-22.
34. Lanjouw, J.,Schankerman, M.(2004).Patent quality and research productivity: Measuring innovation with multiple indicators.The Economic Journal,114(495),441-465.
35. Lindell, M. K.,Whitney, D. J.(2001).Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs.Journal of Applied Psychology,86,114-121.
36. Murtha, E.,Myers, R.(2000).Increasing the Value of a Patent Portfolio.Les Nouvelles,Decmber,153-164.
37. Pakes, A.,Schankerman, M.(1984).R&D, patents, and productivity.University of Chicago Press.
38. Parchomovsky, G.,Wagner, R. P.(2005).Patent portfolios.University of Pennsylvania Law Review,154(1),1-77.
39. Peeters, C.,de la Potterie, B. V. P.(2006).Innovation strategy and the patenting behavior of firms.Journal of Evolutionary Economics,16(1-2),109-135.
40. Putnam, J. D.(1997).Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University.
41. Reitzig, M.(2003).What determines patent value? Insights from the semiconductor industry.Research Policy,32(1),13-26.
42. Schalk, H. J.(1999).Wissensverbreitung und Diffusionsdynamik im Spannungsfeld zwischen innovierenden und imitierenden Unternehmen: neue Ansätze für die Innovationspolitik.Deutschland:Ifo-Inst fur Wirtschaftsforschung.
43. Shane, H.(2001).Technological opportunities and new firm creation.Management Science,47(2),205-220.
44. Spence, J. T.(ed.)(1983).Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches.San Francisco, CA:Free man.
45. Tong, X.,Frame, J.(1994).Measuring national technological performance with patent claims data.Research Policy,23(2),133-141.
46. van Zeebroeck, N.,Stevnsborg, N.,De La Potterie, B. V. P.,Guellec, D.,Archontopoulos, E.(2008).Patent inflation in Europe.World Patent Information,30(1),43-52.
47. Vroom, V.(1964).Work and motivation.New York:John Wiley & Sons.
48. 周延鵬(2015)。智富密碼：智慧財產運贏及貨幣化。台北市:天下雜誌。
49. 周延鵬(2006)。虎與狐的智慧力：智慧資源規劃九把金鑰。台北市:天下文化。
50. 林欣吾、戴慧紋、林佳靜(2015)。從創新經濟檢視智財戰略剛領推動進展與精進方向。智慧財產月刊，200，5-26。
51. 洪綾襄(2011)。專利密度台灣以小搏大。遠見雜誌，6月號
52. 陳怡安(2010)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立交通大學科技管理研究所。
53. 陳達仁(2007)。由專利看美國大學科技創新研發能量的表現。評鑑雙月刊，8，29-35。
54. 廖和信(2003)。專利，就是科技競爭力。台北市:天下文化。
55. 鄧之欣(2005)。國際專利授權談判策略與要訣。智慧財產權月刊，82，5-15。
56. 羅志成(2007)。專利侵權訴訟與產業創新。台灣經濟研究月刊，30(11)，34-40。

1. 羅志成,彭筱芸(2020)。技專校院專利資訊搜尋行為對市場察覺能力影響之研究。科技管理學刊，25(2)，127-156。
2. 薛招治(2021)。農學院學生專利資訊素養建構：課程設計與實踐。科學教育學刊，29(3)，267-298。
3. (2023)。臺灣資通訊科技產業中研發密度、技術產出與公司財務績效的關聯性探究。科技管理學刊，28(3)，71-110。