國中教師社會支持、教師自我效能與工作倦怠相關研究以角色壓力為中介變項

The Effect of Social Support on the Junior High School Teacher's Burnout: Role Stress and Self-Efficacy as a Mediator

10.6474/NCUJER.201103.0025

吳煥烘(Huan-Hung Wu)；林志丞(Chih-Cheng Lin)

社會支持 ； 角色壓力 ； 自我效能 ； 工作倦怠 ； social support ； role stress ； self-efficacy ； burnout

嘉大教育研究學刊

26期（2011 / 03 / 30）

25 - 56

繁體中文

本研究旨在建立社會支持、角色壓力、自我效能與工作倦怠SREB (Social support, Role stress, Self-efficacy, Burnout)理論模式，以驗證國中教師之社會支持、角色壓力、自我效能與工作倦怠之間的直接與間接關係。SREB模式在參數估計樣本與效度檢驗樣本上皆獲得合適的適配度，研究對象為臺灣地區之公立國中合格教師，採分層隨機抽樣，有效樣本數為700份，研究工具包含社會支持、角色壓力、自我效能與工作倦怠等四份量表，所得資料主要以SPSS12.0與AMOS 7.0兩個統計軟體進行分析，主要研究發現如下：一、角色壓力與自我效能對工作倦怠有顯著的直接影響力。當國中教師知覺角色壓力愈小時、自我效能愈大時，其知覺工作倦怠程度愈低。二、社會支持與角色壓力對自我效能有顯著的直接影響力。當國中教師知覺社會支持愈高時、角色壓力愈小時，其自我效能愈高。三、角色壓力和自我效能在社會支持與工作倦怠之間有顯著間接影響力，即社會支持程度愈高，角色壓力程度愈小，自我效能程度愈高，工作倦怠的程度愈小。四、社會支持對工作倦怠的直接影響力並不顯著，僅具有顯著的間接影響力。

The purpose of this study was to propose the SREB (Social support, Role stress, Self-efficacy, Burnout) model to confirm the direct and indirect relationship between the teacher's social support, role stress, self-efficacy and job burnout. The investigation method was adopted in this study. The 700 valid samples were collected from the junior high school teachers in Taiwan, using stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires used in the study included four scales of social support, role stress, self-efficacy and burnout. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 7.0. The major findings were as follows:1. Role stress and self-efficacy showed significant direct effects on burnout. Teachers with low role stress and high self-efficacy felt less burnout.2. Social support and role stress showed significant direct effects on self-efficacy. Teachers with high social support and low role stress felt high self-efficacy.3. Role stress and self-efficacy had a significant indirect effect on both social support and burnout. Social support can reduce the negative effects of burnout from role stress and self-efficacy.4. There was full mediation between social support and burnout.

1. 教育部統計處（2009）。縣市別教師數。臺北：教育部統計處。線上檢索日期：2010年3 月8 日。網址：http://www.edu.tw/files/site_content/b0013/location.xls
2. Ashton, P.(1984).Teacher efficacy: A motivational paradigm for effective teacher education.Journal of Teacher Education,35(3),29.
3. Baker, L.,O''Brien, K.,Salahuddin, N.(2007).Are shelter workers burned out?: An examination of stress, social support, and coping.Journal of Family Violence,22(6),465-474.
4. Bakker, A. B.,Schaufeli, W. B.(2000).Burnout contagion process among teachers.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,30,2289-2308.
5. Baron, R. M.,Kenny, D. A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51,1173-1182.
6. Beehr, T. A.(1995).Psychological stress in the workplace.London:Routledge.
7. Benight, C. D.,Bandura, A.(2004).Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: The role of perceived self-efficacy.Behaviour Research and Therapy,42,1129-1148.
8. Brouwers, A.,Evers, W. J. G.,Tomic, W.(2001).Self-efficacy in eliciting social support and burnout among secondary-school teachers.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,31(7),1474-1491.
9. Chan, D. W.(2002).Stress, self-efficacy, social support, and psychological distress among prospective chinese teachers in hong kong.Educational Psychology,22(5),557-569.
10. Cheng, M.(2008).Florida,Lynn University.
11. Dillon, J. F.,Tanner, G. R.(1995).Dimensions of career burnout among educators.Journalism and Mass Communication Educator,50,4-13.
12. Evers, W. J. G.,Brouwers, A.,Tomic, W.(2002).Burnout and self-efficacy: A study on teachers' beliefs when implementing an innovative educational system in the netherlands.British Journal of Educational Psychology,72,227-243.
13. Farber, B. A.(1983).Stress and burnout in human service professions.New York:Pergamon Press.
14. Friedman, I. A.(2003).Self-efficacy and burnout in teaching: The importance of interpersonal-relations efficacy.Social Psychology of Education,6,191-215.
15. Gibson, S.,Dembo, M. H.(1984).Teacher efficacy: A construct validation.Journal of Educational Psychology,76(4),569-582.
16. Glazer, S.(2006).Social support across cultures.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,30,605-622.
17. Greenberg, G.,Baron, R. A.(1997).Behavior in organization.New York:Prentice-Hall.
18. Guralnick, M. J.,Hammond, M. A.,Neville, B.,Connor, R. T.(2008).The relationship between sources and functions of social support and dimensions of child- and parent-related stress.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,52(12),1138-1154.
19. Halbesleben, J. R. B.,Buckley, M. R.(2006).Social comparison and burnout: The role of relative burnout and received social support.Anxiety, Stress & Coping,19(3),259-278.
20. Halbesleben, J. R. B.,Buckley, M. R.(2004).Burnout in organizational life.Journal of Management,30,859-879.
21. Hannigan, B.,Edwards, D.,Burnard, P.(2004).Stress and stress management in cLinical psychology: Findings from a systematic review.Journal of Mental Health,13(3),235-245.
22. Hauck, E. L.,Snyder, L. A.,Cox, L.E.(2008).Workload variability and social support: Effects on stress and performance.Current Psychology,27(2),112-125.
23. House, J. S.(1981).Work stress and social support.Philippines:Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
24. Jacobs, S. R.,Dodd, D. K.(2003).Student burnout as a function of personality, social support, and workload.Journal of College Student Development,44(3),291-303.
25. Jeffrey, H. K.,Kimberly, T. S.,Theresa, M. J.-H.,Laura, L. M.(2006).Emotional social support and job burnout among high-school teachers: Is it all due to dispositional affectivity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,27(6),793.
26. Jex, S. M.,Bliese, P. D.,Buzzell, S.,Primeau, J.(2001).The impact of self-efficacy on stressorstrain relations: Coping style as an exploratory meChanism.Journal of Applied Psychology,86,401-409.
27. Kline, B.(2005).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York:The Guilford Presws.
28. Lin, C.(2006).Culture shock and social support: An investigation of a chinese student organization on a us campus.Journal of Intercultural Communication Research,35,117-137.
29. Lin, C.H.(2009).Exploring facets of a social network to explicate the status of social support and its effects on stress.Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal,37(5),701-710.
30. Lin, J.(2002).Taipei,National Defense University.
31. Maslach, C.,Jackson, S. E.(1986).Maslach burnout inventory.California:Consulting Psychologists Press.
32. McDonald, V.(2008).North CaroLina,North CaroLina State University.
33. McGilton, K. S.,McGillis Hall, L.,Wodchis, W. P.,Petroz, U.(2007).Supervisory support, job stress, and job satisfaction among long-term care nursing staff.The Journal of Nursing Administration,37(7/8),366-372.
34. Miller, K.(2006).Organizational communication: Approaches and processes.Belmont, California:Thomson Wadsworth.
35. Miller, K.,Zook, E. G.,Ellis, B. H.(1989).Occupational differences in the influence of communication on stress and burnout in the workplace.Management Communication Quarterly,3,166-190.
36. Muge, E. K.(2009).Relations among social support, burnout, and experiences of anger: An investigation among emergency nurses.Nursing Forum,44(3),165-174.
37. Netemeyer, R. G.,Maxham, J. G.,Pullig, C.(2005).Conflicts in the work-family interface: Links to job stress, customer service, employee performance, and customer purchase intent.Journal of Marketing,69,130-143.
38. Prins, J. T.,Hoekstra-Weebers, J.E.,Gazendam-Donofrio, S. M.,Vandewiel, H.B.,Sprangers, F.,Jaspers, F. C.(2007).The role of social support in burnout among dutch medical residents.Psychology, Health & Medicine,12(1),1-6.
39. Rahim, M. A.,Psenicka, C.(1996).A structural equations model of stress, locus of control, social support, psychiatric symptoms, and propensity to leave a job.The Journal of Social Psychology,136,69-84.
40. Schaubroeck, J.,Lam, S. S. K.,Xie, J. L.(2000).Collective efficacy versus self-efficacy in coping responses to stressors and control: A cross-cultural study.Journal of Applied Psychology,85,512-525.
41. Schaubroeck, J.,Merritt, D. E.(1997).Divergent effects of job control on coping with work stressors: They key role of self-efficacy.Academy of Management Journal,40,738-754.
42. Schwarzer, R.,Hallum, S.(2008).Perceived teacher self-efficacy as a predictor of job stress and burnout: Mediation analyses.Applied Psychology: An International Review,57,152-171.
43. Shen, Y. E.(2009).Relationships between self-efficacy, social support and stress coping strategies in chinese primary and secondary school teachers.Stress & Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress,25(2),129-138.
44. Sidsel, S.(2009).Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations.Teaching and Teacher Education,11,1-11.
45. Silvana, N. F.,Fennig, S.,Keinan, G.,Elizur, A.(1991).Personality characteristics and proneness to burnout: A study among psychiatrists.Stress Medicine,7,201-205.
46. Skaalvik, E. M.(2007).Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and relations with strain factors, perceived collective teacher efficacy, and teacher burnout.Journal of Educational Psychology,99,611-625.
47. Starnaman, S. M.,Miller, K. I.(1992).A test of a causal model of communication and burnout in the teaching profession.Communication Education,41,40-53.
48. Stetz, T. A.,Stetz, M. C.,Bliese, P. D.(2006).The importance of self-efficacy in the moderating effects of social support on stressor-strain relationships.Work & Stress,20(1),49-59.
49. Thomas, L. T.,Ganster, C. D.(1995).Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective.Journal of Applied Psychology,80,6-15.
50. Turnipseed, D. L.(1988).Burnout among hospice nurses: An empirical assessment.The Hospice Journal,3,105-119.
51. Vandenberghe, R.,Huberman, A. M.(1999).Cambridge,Cambridge University Press.
52. Vanheule, S.,Declercq, F.,Meganck, R.,Desmet, M.(2008).Burnout, critical incidents and social support in security guards.Stress & Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress,24(2),137-141.
53. Yaniv, G.(1995).Burnout, absenteeism, and the overtime decision.Journal of Economic Psychology,16,297-309.
54. Yildirim, İ.(2008).Relationships between burnout, sources of social support and sociodemographic variables.Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal,36(5),603-616.
55. Yu, M.C.,Lin, C.C.,Hsu, S.Y.(2009).Stressors and burnout: The role of employee assistance programs and self-efficacy.Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal,37(3),365-377.
56. Zhang, Q.,Zhu, W.(2007).Teacher stress, burnout, and social support in Chinese secondary education.Human Communication,10(4),487-496.
57. 王婉玲(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北，國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系。
58. 王嬋媚(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
59. 余慶暉(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，高雄師範大學科學教育研究所。
60. 吳年章(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。嘉義，國立嘉義大學國民教育研究所。
61. 吳宗立(1998)。博士論文(博士論文)。臺北，國立政治大學教育學系。
62. 吳翠菁(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東，國立屏東教育大學教育行政研究所。
63. 吳麗華(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。嘉義，國立嘉義大學教育行政與政策發展研究所。
64. 李茂能(2006)。結構方程模式軟體 AMOS 之簡介及其在測驗編製上之應用。臺北:心理出版社。
65. 李聖民(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，國立高雄師範大學教育學系。
66. 李慧芬(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，高雄師範大學成人教育研究所。
67. 林惠珍(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北，國立臺北教育大學教育政策與管理研究所。
68. 邱和仁(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，國立高雄師範大學教育學系。
69. 施宜伶(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。嘉義，國立嘉義大學國民教育研究所。
70. 張淑萍(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東，高雄師範大學教育學系。
71. 莊見智(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北，臺北市立師範學院國民教育研究所。
72. 莊淑昀(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺北，臺北市立教育大學心理與諮商學系碩士班。
73. 郭志純(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。嘉義，國立嘉義大學國民教育研究所。
74. 陳忠強(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。桃園，國立體育學院教練研究所。
75. 陳筱明(2002)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所。
76. 單小琳(1990)。教師的社會支持及相關因素之探討。臺北市立師範學院學報，21，123-154。
77. 黃怡萍(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。臺中，東海大學公共事務碩士學程在職進修專班。
78. 黃麗君(2006)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。彰化，國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所。
79. 劉妙真(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東，屏東師範學院國民教育研究所。
80. 劉威德(1993)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄，國立高雄師範大學教育學系。
81. 謝政志(2008)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。花蓮，慈濟大學教育研究所。
82. 魏國贈(2007)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。屏東，國立屏東教育大學教育行政研究所。

1. 李明棋(2017)。工作要求對工作倦怠與學習倦怠之影響－探討職學衝突之中介效果與 回復自我效能之調節效果。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士在職專班學位論文。2017。1-84。 
2. 李婉翠(2016)。不當督導前因後果之探討：以核心自我評價與知覺公平為干擾角色。淡江大學企業管理學系碩士班學位論文。2016。1-127。 
3. 徐佳婷(2018)。國小專任輔導教師情緒勞務、自我慈悲與工作倦怠之相關研究。臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系學位論文。2018。1-112。