题名

從Iris Marion Young的差異政治反思教師的可能作為與教師圖像

并列篇名

Reflection on the Image of Teachers and Their Agency from I. M. Young's Politics of Difference

作者

廖婉余(Liao, Wan-Yu)

关键词

差異政治 ; 教師圖像 ; 分配正義 ; 壓迫 ; Iris Marion Young ; Politics of Difference ; the Image of Teachers ; Distributive Justice ; Oppression ; Iris Marion Young

期刊名称

嘉大教育研究學刊

卷期/出版年月

41期(2018 / 12 / 31)

页次

95 - 126

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

在教育現場中,促進文化的理解與包容,並非易事。除了由上而下的政策及宣導之外,透過學校教育的實踐,教師必須瞭解社會正義不單只是聚焦於社會財貨的適當分配上,以Young的觀點認為,社會的不兯不義根源是在於「壓迫」與「宰制」。她在《正義與差異政治》,分析了五種面向的壓迫:剝削、邊緣化、無力感、文化的帝國主義和暴力,這五個面向的壓迫和宰制,如不從結構面與意識型態面解除,則不論再給予多大的額外補助,都無法導向實質的正義社會。正義觀須深入探討社會制度和結構的問題,還應提及發展和行使個人能力和集體溝通與合作所需的體制條件。身為二十一世紀的教師,要注意在課堂上的分配權力,不是只有物質上的分配,還要考慮到班級內團體決策權力和過程、學生間的分工和不同族群間文化等因素。當然,班級內的結構是很難解構的,只有同時關注學生學習與發展的歷程,分析學生在班級內的關係、了解學生間互動的變化,觀察不同和多層次的結構,才能試著理解某種社會團體受到壓迫的具體面貌。教師也必須透過不斷的啟發與建構學生多元的背景,才能揭開這分配典範的面紗。本文從Young所提出的差異政治探討教育現場面臨各種學生受壓迫的問題,並反思教師重視差異及溝通的可能作為,並試著建構教師圖像:即教師是面對學生差異的擴大思考者、教師是傾聽學生差異的對話溝通者、教師是鼓勵學生自我展現的啟蒙者。

英文摘要

In the educational circumstances, promoting cultural understanding and tolerance is not an easy task. In addition to top-down policies and promotion, through the practice of school education, teachers must be aware that social justice is not only focused on the proper distribution of social goods. According to Young, the main cause of social injustice lies in "oppression" and"domination." In "Justice and the Politics of Difference," she analyzes five aspects of oppression: exploitation , marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence. These five aspects, if not lifted from the structure and conscious awareness, no matter how much extra subsidy is given, will not lead to a substantive justice society. The concept of justice requires an in-depth study of social institutions and structures, as well as the personal development and collective communication and cooperation. As teachers in the 21st century, it is necessary to pay attention to the distribution of power in the classroom, not only the material distribution, but also the factors and processes of group decision-making within the class, the division of labor between students and the culture between different ethnic groups. Of course, the structure within the class is difficult to deconstruct. Only by paying attention to students' learning process and development, analyzing the relationship among students in the class, understanding the changes of interaction between students, observing different and multi-level structures, can the oppression of a certain social group be understood. Teachers must also unveil the distributive paradigm by constantly inspiring and constructing a diverse background of students. This article discusses the different aspects of students' oppression from Young's politics of difference. It also reflects on the teachers' emphasis on differences and communication, and tries to construct the image of images: Teachers are thinkers who face the differences among students. Teachers are dialogue communicators who listen to students' diversity, and teachers are mentors who encourage students to achieve themselves.

主题分类 社會科學 > 教育學
参考文献
  1. 郭秋永(2012)。社會正義、差異政治、以及溝通民主。人文及社會科學集刊,24(4),529-574。
    連結:
  2. 楊深坑(2008)。社會兯義、差異政治與教育機會均等的新視野。當代教育研究季刊,16(4),1-37。
    連結:
  3. 賴永和(2009)。多元文化「差異政治」與「肯認政治」在偏遠地區弱勢族群教育之實踐。學校行政,59,49-62。
    連結:
  4. 韓台武(2017)。多元文化論:Iris Marion Young的差異政治與溝通民主。哲學與文化,44(1),159-179。
    連結:
  5. Eisenberg, A.(2006).Education and the politics of difference: Iris Young and the politics of education.Educational Philosophy and Theory,38(1),7-24.
  6. Galea, S.(2006).Iris Marion Young's imaginations of gift giving: Some implications for the teacher and the student.Educational Philosophy and Theory,38(1),83-92.
  7. Young(2017)。正義與差異政治。臺北:商周。
  8. Young, I. M.(1997).Intersecting voices: Dilemmas of gender, political philosophy, and policy.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
  9. Young, I. M.(2005).Structural injustice and the politics of difference.AHRC Centre for Law, Gender, and Sexuality, Intersectionality Workshop,UK:
  10. Young, I. M.(2000).Inclusion and democracy.UK:Oxford University Press.
  11. Young, I. M.(2006).Education in the context of structural injustice: A symposium response.Educational Philosophy and Theory,38(1),93-104.
  12. Young, I. M.(1990).Justice and the politics of difference.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
  13. 林火旺(1998)。族群差異與社會正義。台大哲學論評,21,249-270。
  14. 林敬堯(2014)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北,東吳大學政治學研究所。
  15. 姜一洙(2013)。重要的溝通時刻,你是屬於哪一類型的傾聽者?2013年12月31日。線上檢索日期:2017年12月11日。網址:http://epaper.morningstar.com.tw/Bookstore/taiya-hear1/
  16. 姚竹音(2016)。揭開習以為常的認同與差異:「部落的呼喚」得獎作品之後殖民批判論述分析。人文社會科學研究,10(1),60-85。
  17. 胡世君(2009)。身分政治。文化研究@嶺南,12
  18. 馬曉燕(2010)。差異政治:超越自由主義與社群主義正義之爭─I.M.楊的政治哲學研究。倫理學研究,1,114-119。
  19. 馬曉燕(2011)。當代美國新馬克思主義的正義之爭─N.弗雷澤與I.M.楊的政治哲學對話。倫理學研究,5,36-41。
  20. 莊勝義(2009)。從多元文化觀點省思「弱勢者」的教育「問題」與「對策」。教育與多元文化研究,1,17-56。
  21. 黃武雄(2010)。教改中的左與右。線上檢索日期:2017年12月11日。網址:http://www.tmitrail.org.tw/whunag/?p=63
  22. 廉兮(2009)。沒有理解、何來兯義?論主體生成的多元文化教育。教育與多元文化研究,1,259-268。
  23. 詹郁萱(2009)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。高雄,國立高雄師範大學教育學研究所。
  24. 劉國兆(2016)。重視孩子差異,不等於追求「客製化教育」。線上檢索日期:2017年6月29日。網址:http://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/52/article/4169
  25. 鍾佩怡(2016)。社會差異作為多元文化教育起點─轉化、理解與認同的實踐。文化研究月報,124,17-47。