土壤微生物體氮的含量、周轉速率及測定方法

Amounts, Turnover Rates and Measuring Methods of Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen

10.30058/SE.200106.0001

李世清(Shiqing Li)；李生秀(Shengxiu Li)

土壤微生物體氮 ； 周轉速率 ； 測定方法 ； soil microbial biomass nitrogen ； turnover rate ； measuring method

土壤與環境

4卷2期（2001 / 06 / 01）

83 - 92

繁體中文

本文綜述了土壤微生物體氮的含量、周轉速率及測定方法。土壤微生物體氮是存在於土壤中活體積生物中的氮素，不同土壤和研究者的測定結果變化很大，但有兩個共同特點：第一、自然植被土壤中的微生物體氮含量大農田土壤；第二、在土壤中微生物體仍占有較大比例，占全氮的2.4-14.0%以上。微生物體氮不僅數量大，而且周轉快（周轉質0.14-6年，絕大多數情況小於1年），是易變動的部分，因此，構成了植物營養的重要氮庫。目前，土壤微生物體氮的測定方法較多，但大別之，主要有CHCl3熏蒸-培養法和CHCl3熏蒸-直接浸法，這兩種方法雖被廣泛應用，但仍非十分完善，需要在實踐中不斷改進。

The amounts, turnover rates and measuring methods were reviewed in this paper. Although the microbial biomass nitrogen being contained in living microbial bodies varied greatly in various soils and results measured by different researches, the soil microbial biomass nitrogen had two common characteristics: the first was that the microbial biomass nitrogen in natural vegetation soils was greater than that in farmland soils, and the second was the microbial biomass nitrogen was occupied a larger portion of the soil nitrogen with 2.4-14.0 percentage of soil total nitrogen. The microbial biomass nitrogen also turned over very fast (the turnover rates was 0.14-6 years, and the most was smaller than 1 year), so it was the easily changeable soil organic nitrogen, and it was the important nitrogen pool in plant nutrition. Of the various recently-developen methods for measuring soil microbial biomass nitrogen mainly included CHCl3 fumigation-incubation method and CHCl3 fumigation-extraction. However, the two methods have shortcoming which require perfection at practice.