台灣留日學生在意見衝突狀況下之應對方式－從文化適應的觀點做探討

How would Taiwanese Students Studying in Japan Deal with the Disagreement Scene-from the Perspective of Cultural Adaptation

10.30115/JCJCU.201106.0005

黃士瑩(Shih-Ying Huang)

台灣留日學生 ； 因應方式 ； 考量 ； 相互理解 ； Taiwanese Students Studying in Japan ； Ways of Action ； Consideration ； Mutual Understanding

長榮大學學報

15卷1期（2011 / 06 / 01）

89 - 102

繁體中文

本研究為了探討當意見衝突的對象是日本人或台灣人時，留學生是否會採取不同的因應方式或考量，以及了解留學生所選擇的因應方式是否會被留日時間的長短所左右，故針對台灣留日學生進行了問卷調查。研究結果顯示，無論留日時間是短或長，留學生在和日本人交談時都會特別注意自己的用字遣詞，也比較會小心避免讓對方留下負面的印象。這是因為留學生了解到雙方文化的不同，因此會視狀況及對象來選擇最適當的行動，此外，為了避免誤解再次發生，也傾向採取「回避」性的應對方式。希望透過本研究的研究成果，能夠增進台灣人和日本人的相互理解與尊重。

This study will investigate whether Taiwanese students in Japan will take different ways of action or consideration when they have different opinions from Japanese or Taiwanese. The results showed that regardless of the length of time in Japan is short or long, when having different opinions from Japanese, Taiwanese students will pay more attention to the word being used, and not wanting to leave any negative impression to the other party. This is because the students understand the differences between Taiwanese and Japanese culture, and therefore select the most appropriate action according to the situations and the background of the other party.

1. Adler, P. S.(1975).The Transitional Experience: An Alternative View of Culture Shock.Journal of Humanistic Psychology,15(4),13-23.
2. Brown, P.,Levinson, S.(1987).Politeness: Some universals in language usage.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
3. Daly, J. A.(Ed.),Wiemann, J. M.(Ed.)(1994).Strategic Interpersonal Communication.Hillsdale, HJ:Lawrece Erlbaum.
4. Gudykunst, W. B.(2001).Asian american ethnicity and communication.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
5. Gudykunst, W. B.,Nishida, T.(1994).Bridging japanese/north American differences.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
6. Gullahorn, J. T.,Gullahorn, J. E.(1963).An Extension of the U-Curve Hypothesis.Journal of Social Issues,19(3),33-47.
7. Hofstede, G.(1983).National Cultures in four Dimensions: "A Research-Based Theory of Cultural Differences Among Nations".International Studies of Management & Organization,13(1-2),46-75.
8. Kilmann, R. H.,Thomas, K. W.(1977).Developing a forced-choice measure of conflict-handing behavior: The mode instrument.Educational and Psychological Measurement,37,309-325.
9. Kim, K. S.(1994).Cross-cultural comparisons of the perceived importance of conversational constraints.Human Communication Research,21,128-151.
10. Kim, M. S.,Sharkey, W. F.,Singelis, T. M.(1994).The relationship between individuals' self-construals and perceived importance of interactive constraints.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,18,117-140.
11. Kim, Y. Y.(Ed.),Gudykunst, W. B.(Ed.)(1988).Theories in intercultural communication.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
12. Lysgaard, S.(1955).Adjustment in a Foreign Society.International Social Science Bulletin,7,45-51.
13. Miyahara, A.,Kim, M. S.,Shin, K. C.,Yoon, K.(1998).Conflict resolution styles among "collectivist" cultures: A comparison between Japanese and Koreans.Int. J. Intercultural Rel,22(4),505-535.
14. Oetzel, J. G.,Ting-Toomey, S.,Matsumoto, T.,Yokochi, Y.,Pan, X.,Takai, J.,Wilcox, R.(2001).Face and facework in conflict: A cross-cultural comparsion of China, Germany, Japan, amd the United States.Communication Monographs,68,235-258.
15. Oetzel, T. G.,Ting-Toomey, S.,Chew, M.(2003).Face and facework in conflicts with parents and siblings: A cross-cultural comparison of Germans, Japanese, Mexicans, and U.S. Americans.Journal of Family Communication,3(2),67-93.
16. Smith, P. B.,Dugan, S.,Peterson, M. F.,Leung, K.(1998).Individualism: Collectivism and the handling of disagreement: A 23 country study.Int. J. Intercultural Rel,22(3),351-367.
17. Szatrowski, P.(Ed.)(2004).Hidden and Open Conflict in Japanese Conversational Interaction.Tokyo:Kurosio Publishers.
18. Triandis, H. C.(1995).Individualism and collectivism.Boulder, CO:Westview.
19. 加賀美常美代(2007)。多文化社会の葛藤解決と教育価値観。京都市:?????出版。
20. 李善雅(2001)。議論の場における言語行動─日本語母語話者と韓国人学習者の相違。日本語教育，111，36-45。
21. 松本一男(1987)。中国人と日本人。東京:????出版社。
22. 高橋順一編、中山治編、御堂岡潔編、渡辺文夫編(1992)。異文化へのストラテジー。東京:川島書店。
23. 陳舜臣(1971)。日本人と中国人─同文同種と思いこむ危険。東京:小?館。
24. 黃囇莉(2006)。人際和諧與衝突─本土化的理論與研究。台北市:揚智文化事業股份有限公司。
25. 楊國樞編、余安邦編(1992)。中國人的心理與行為。台北市:桂冠圖書公司。
26. 潘雪霓(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。東京，お茶の水大学人間文化研究科。
27. 謝雅梅(1999)。台湾人と日本人─日本人に知ってほしいこと─。東京:?合法令出版。
28. 黄士瑩(2006)。台湾と日本のテレビドラマに見られる意見の不一致の場面─終結形式に焦点を当てて─。日本言語文芸研究，7，15-39。
29. 黄士瑩(2008)。意見不一致の場面における台湾人中級日本語学習者及び日本語母語話者の対処について。台灣應用日語研究，5，105-129。