以功能性課綱爲主軸的日語教科書之研究－以日語母語教師的會話課程爲例

Japanese as Foreign Language Textbooks with Functional Syllabus in Conversation Classes Taught by Native Speakers

10.29692/MCRBYJY.201010.0005

村上薰(Kaoru Murakami)

功能性的教科書 ； 會話能力 ； function-based textbook ； conversational competence

銘傳日本語教育

13期（2010 / 10 / 01）

91 - 115

日文

台灣的教育機構經常聘用以日語爲母語的教師，台灣教師主要負責教授語法與語音等之類的課程，而日籍老師主要負責教授口語課程。日語的口語訓練課程內容變化萬千，不若文法課有一定的規則可依循。從依教學者的母語背景來分配任教課程的觀點來看，筆者認爲學校希望透過日籍教師教日語會話課程，來增強進學生的口語能力，這個目標不易達成，若扔採用市面上的一般教材。市售教材一般是以文法爲主軸。本篇文章評估目前台灣市面上的日語會話教科書大多以文法爲主軸，作者認爲以功能爲主軸的會話教科書，能提供學習者篇章層級及角色練習的情境學習。我們討論的一些語言能力經常被以文法爲主軸的教科書所忽略：如不僅是文法的正確，也求語用上與社交上的適切度。功能性的教科書能提供情境空間給聽者回答，對話中相互應答是會話課程重要的環節。藉由評估學生會話能力與教材之間的關係，筆者討論爲何功能性的教科書較適合以日語爲母語教授的會話課程。

Educational institutions in Taiwan recruit native speakers to teach Japanese. Taiwanese instructors tend to teach grammar, phonology and similar courses to inculcate systematic knowledge regarding Japanese language, with Japanese native speakers in charge of those related to oral dialog that have dynamic aspects rather than static linguistic rules. From this division of class assignments relying on instructors' native language, we assume that institutions aim to improve students' oral proficiency via ”conversational courses” taught by native speakers. Any such goal proves elusive with curriculum banking heavily on commercial textbooks often composed of structural syllabus. This paper evaluates commercial textbooks of Japanese conversation widely available at bookshops in Taiwan, then suggests that those of functional syllabus for conversation classes present discourse level examples and role play with underlying contextual information. We target unguis tic prowess often overlooked in structure-based textbooks: i.e., appropriate in a grammatical as well as pragmatic and sociolinguistic sense. Function-based text affords opportunities to fulfill the listener's role essential to the reciprocal nature of dialog. Appraising the relation between oral competence and textbooks, the author discusses why textbooks with functional syllabus can suit conversation class, maximizing benefits from native speakers.

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