族群與偏見在兩岸關係中的角色：社會認同理論的檢驗

The Role of Group Identification and Prejudice in the Relationship between Taiwan and China

莊耀嘉(Yao-Chia Chuang)

社會認同論 ； 刻板印象 ； 偏見 ； 族群認同 ； 統獨立場 ； group identification ； prejudice ； social identity theory ； stereotype ； Taiwan's Relationship with China

本土心理學研究

20期（2003 / 12 / 01）

73 - 104

繁體中文

本研究檢驗社會認同論可否解釋台灣大學生對大陸人的偏見。研究發現大學生不分性別普遍對大陸人存有相對偏見，惟族群認同會調節對大陸人的相對偏見程度，「台灣人認同」者的相對偏見最強，次為雙重認同者，中國人認同者的相對偏見最弱。族群與偏見因素進而形塑統獨立場及兩岸交流態度的效應，也加以探討。研究發現，族群認同會形塑統獨立場，對大陸人的態度會影響兩岸交流態度，而族群隸屬（父母親籍貫）則對統獨立場及兩岸交流態度皆有直接效應。研究發現對於社會認同理論及兩岸關係的走向，有其意涵。

This study tested whether social identity theory can explain the prejudice of Taiwanese college students towards Chinese people in China (labeled Chinese). In 1998, 538 students from 4 colleges in southern Taiwan responded to a questionnaire that assessed respondents' attitudes towards Chinese and Taiwanese, their group identification, and their attitudes toward issues of Taiwan's unification with China and Taiwan's commercial exchanges with China. Participants held more negative attitudes towards Chinese than they did towards Taiwanese. However, the individual's group identification as either a Taiwanese or a Chinese was found to moderate the degree of prejudice towards the Chinese. Those respondents classifying themselves with a pure Taiwanese identity held the most negative attitudes towards the Chinese. The respondents classifying themselves with a pure Chinese identity tended to hold more favorable, though still negative, attitudes towards the Chinese. The respondents classifying themselves with a double identity of being both Taiwanese and Chinese tended to hold an intermediate attitude towards the Chinese. The study also found: (1) group identification was related to the respondent's attitude as to whether or not Taiwan should unify with China; (2) negative attitudes towards the Chinese may undermine the individual's willingness for Taiwan to conduct economic or cultural exchanges with China; and (3) after controlling for the previous two factors, group-belongingness, which was based on parents' birthplace (in Taiwan or China), was found to have a direct effect on both these attitudes. Implications of these findings for social psychological theories and for future relations between Taiwan and China are discussed.

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