生活世界取向的心理衡鑑：一種本土化的可能性

A Life-world Approach to Psychological Assessment: A Possibility for Indigenization

李維倫(Wei-Lun Lee)；莫少依(Shao-I Mo)

心理衡鑑 ； 本土心理學 ； 生活世界 ； 現象學心理學 ； 臨床心理學 ； clinical psychology ； indigenous psychology ； life world ； phenomenological psychology ； psychological assessment

本土心理學研究

24期（2005 / 12 / 01）

85 - 135

繁體中文

本文認為，存在現象學以生活世界為取向的心理衡鑑技術可以同時滿足台灣臨床心理學的專業發展與心理學的本土化思潮。要支持這樣的主張，本文需要說明二點，一是生活世界取向的心理衡鑑與台灣本土心理學的發展趨向有共通之處，二是生活世界取向的心理衡鑑徑路符合臨床心理學嚴格、嚴謹的專業發展，也是心理衡鑑發展演進的趨勢之一。此外，即使台灣的心理學本土化思潮開展至今已逾三十年，台灣的臨床心理學研究與實作討論皆罕見於本土化運動之中，因此臨床心理學，尤其是本文所關注心理衡鑑，是否需要進行本土化的思考與推動，也是本文需要探討的議題之一。整合上述討論項目，本文有以下的安排：首先，以探討臨床心理學本土化的需要與可能方向為導論；其次，由本土性契合的觀點來思考本土化與方法取徑的關係，及其與現象學心理學思想的共通之處；再來，考察心理衡鑑近年來在美國對社會文化脈絡重視的發展趨勢，如何補足於過去著重標準化的施作方式，以及以生活世界為導向的心理衡鑑與此發展趨勢的符合之處。在本文中這些討論的結果都指向著對「心理行為及其行事脈絡」的重視，這一重視也就呈現為本文接合心理學本土化、臨床心理學（心理衡鑑）、與存在現象學心理學的樞紐軸心。最後本文將詳細描述生活世界取向的心理衡鑑技術並呈現一個衡鑑報告示例，以具體化本文的討論。

This paper proposes that the life-world approach to psychological assessment in the existential phenomenological tradition can satisfy the rigorous demands of clinical psychology and also fits the trend of indigenous psychology in Taiwan. Indigenization of clinical psychology, however, is not often discussed in Taiwan although indigenization of other areas of psychology has been taking place for over 30 years. This article first discusses the necessity and possible directions of indigenous clinical psychology in Taiwan. Next, indigenization and its related methodologies are explored through the concept of indigenous match. Finally, the recent professional development in the United States of psychological assessment methods with emphasis on social and cultural contexts and their correspondence with life-world concerns is examined. Analysis of these topics points to the importance of ”context” for psychological phenomena and behaviors, and its role as a conversion point for indigenizing psychology, clinical psychological assessment, and existential phenomenology. An example of a psychological assessment report using a life-world approach is provided to support the discussion.

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