父母教養方式對青少年雙元孝道信念的影響效果：中介歷程的探討

The Effect of Perceived Parenting Styles on Adolescents' Dual Filial Belief: A Mediational Analysis

10.6254/2013.39.119

黃士哲(Shih-Jhe Huang)；葉光輝(Kuang-Hui Yeh)

父母教養方式 ； 承諾性順從 ； 情境性順從 ； 感激之情 ； 親密感 ； 雙元孝道模型 ； committed compliance ； dual filial piety model ； gratitude ； parent-child intimacy ； parenting ； situational compliance

本土心理學研究

39期（2013 / 06 / 01）

119 - 164

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討父母教養方式對青少年雙元孝道信念發展之影響歷程中，扮演中介角色的關鍵因素為何。本文採用兩個子研究分別探討，研究一主要是探討威權專制與民主權威兩種教養方式對青少年權威性孝道信念之影響歷程的中介機制；研究二則探討民主權威教養方式對青少年相互性孝道信念之影響歷程的中介機制，並採用父母親對象分開測量的方式，重複檢驗研究一的假設與結果。經採用結構方程模型驗證提出的研究假設，研究一發現：父母的民主權威教養對於青少年的權威性孝道信念發展有顯著的正向影響效果，並且可經由青少年的承諾性順從變項完全中介其效果；然而父母的威權專制教養雖然對於青少年的權威性孝道信念可以產生若干的正向影響效果，但卻無法透過其對父母的情境性順從變項所中介，其主要原因是因為情境性順從變項對權威性孝道信念沒有顯著預測力。研究二A進一步採用父母對象分開探討的設計，結果顯示：青少年對父親的情境性順從傾向能中介父親威權專制教養對青少年權威性孝道（對父親）信念的影響效果，但母親對象方面則不成立，其他與研究一的結果相同。研究二B則發現：民主權威教養對青少年相互性孝道信念具有正向影響效果，並主要是透過對父或母感激之情的完全中介途徑作用，然而對父母親密感的中介作用效果則只在單一中介變項模型分析下才獲得支持。最後，根據研究結果，提出本研究的貢獻與限制，亦提供未來研究方向的可能建議。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the critical factors that mediate the influence of perceived parenting on adolescents' dual (reciprocal and authoritarian) filial belief. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to analyze the data and validate the hypotheses. Study 1 focused on the influence of perceived authoritarian and authoritative parenting on adolescents' authoritarian filial belief. Analysis revealed that perceived authoritative parenting exerts significant positive impact on adolescents' authoritarian filial belief, which is completely mediated by the adolescent's committed compliance to parents. Although perceived authoritarian parenting had a similar positive effect, its influence was not mediated by the adolescent's situational compliance to parents, mainly due to the lack of significant predictive power of situational compliance for the adolescent's authoritarian filial belief.Study 2 examined the influence of perceived authoritative parenting on adolescents' reciprocal filial belief, with the modification of assessing the data of the father and the mother separately to cross-validate the results of Study 1. Study 2A revealed that an adolescent's situational compliance mediates the relationship between the perceived father's authoritarian parenting and the adolescent's authoritarian filial belief towards the father, but not for the mother. Other findings were the same as Study 1. Study 2B demonstrated that perceived authoritative parenting has a significant positive impact on adolescents' reciprocal filial belief, which is mediated by the adolescent's gratitude to the parents. However, the mediating effect of parent-child intimacy was supported only in a single-mediator but not dual-mediator (gratitude and intimacy) model.

1. 葉光輝(2009)。華人孝道雙元模型研究的回顧與前瞻。本土心理學研究，32，101-146。
   連結：
2. 葉光輝(2009)。華人孝道雙元模型研究的回顧與前瞻。本土心理學研究，32，101-146。
   連結：
3. Ainsworth, M. D. S.,Blehar, M. C.,Waters, E.,Wall, S.(1978).Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
4. Baumrind, D.(1991).The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use.Journal of Early Adolescence,11(1),56-95.
5. Bond, M. H.(Ed.)(1996).The handbook of Chinese psychology.New York:Oxford University Press..
6. Bond, M. H.(Ed.)(1988).The cross-cultural challenge to social psychology.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
7. Chen、 W. W.,Ho, H. Z.(2012).The relation between perceived parental involvement and academic achievement: The roles of Taiwanese students' academic beliefs and filial piety.International Journal of Psychology,47,315-324.
8. Chen, X.,Liu, M.,Li, D.(2000).Parental warmth, control, and indulgence and their relations to adjustment in Chinese children: A longitudinal study.Journal of Family Psychology,14(3),401-419.
9. Damon, W.(Ed.)(1989).Child development today and tomorrow.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
10. Hayes, A. F.(2009).Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium.Communication Monographs,76,408-420.
11. Ho、 D. Y. F.(1994).Filial piety, authoritarian moralism, and cognitive conservatism in Chinese societies.Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs,120,349-365.
12. Jin、 C. C.,Zou, H.,Yu, Y. B.(2011).The trait of filial piety belief and the relationship of filial piety belief, attachment and interpersonal adaptation of middle school students.Psychological Development and Education,6,619-624.
13. Jin、 L. L.(2009).University of Hong Kong.
14. Kadner, K.(1994).Therapeutic intimacy in nursing.Journal of Advanced Nursing,19,215-218.
15. Kochanska, G.(2002).Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: A mediational model.Developmental Psychology,38(3),339-351.
16. Kochanska, G.,Aksan, N.(1995).Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization.Child Development,66(1),236-254.
17. Kochanska, G.,Aksan, N.,Koenig, A. L.(1995).A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers' conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization.Child Development,66(6),1752-1769.
18. Leung, N. M.,Wong, S. F.,Wong, W. Y.,McBride-Chang, C.(2010).Filial piety and psychosocial adjustment in Hong Kong Chinese early adolescent.Journal of Early Adolescence,30(5),651-667.
19. Little, T. D.,Cunningham, W. A.,Shahar, G.,Widaman, K. F.(2002).To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weight the merits.Structural Equation Modeling,9(2),151-173.
20. Manstead, A. S. R.(Ed.),Hewstone, M.(Ed.)(1996).The Blackwell encyclopedia of social psychology.Oxford:Blackwell Publishing.
21. Mussen, P. H.(Ed.),Hetherington, E. M.(Ed.)(1983).Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development.New York:Wiley.
22. Perlman, D.(Ed.),Duck, S. W.(Ed.)(1987).Intimate relationships: Development, dynamics and deterioration.Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
23. Ryan, R. M.,Deci, E. L.(2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.American Psychologist,55,68-78.
24. Sobel, M. E.(1982).Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models.Sociological Methodology,13,290-312.
25. Stafford, L.,Bayer, C. L.(1993).Interaction between parents and children.New York:Sage.
26. Stayton, D. J.,Hogan, R.,Ainsworth, M. D. S.(1971).Infant obedience and maternal behavior: The origins of socialization reconsidered.Child Development,42(4),1057-1069.
27. Tesser, A.,Gatewood, R.,Driver, M.(1968).Some determinants of gratitude.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,9(3),233-236.
28. William, A.(2001).A literature review on the concept of intimacy in nursing.Journal of Advanced Nursing,33(5),660-667.
29. Wood, A. M.,Froh, J. J.,Geraghty, A. W. A.(2010).Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration.Clinical Psychology Review,30(7),890-905.
30. Wood, A. M.,Maltby, J.,Stewart, N.,Linley, P. A.,Joseph, S.(2008).A social-cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude.Emotion,8,281-290.
31. Yang、 K. S.(Ed.),Hwang, K. K.(Ed.),Pederson, P. B.(Ed.),Daibo, I.(Ed.)(2003).Progress in Asian social psychology: Conceptual and empirical contributions.Westport:Praeger.
32. Yeh、 K. H.(2006).The impact of filial piety on the problem behaviours of culturally Chinese adolescents.Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies,7(2),237-257.
33. Yeh、 K. H.,Bedford, O.(2003).A test of the dual filial piety model.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,6,215-228.
34. Yeh、 K. H.,Bedford, O.(2004).Filial belief and parent-child conflict.International Journal of Psychology,39(2),132-144.
35. Yeh、 K. H.,Cheng, S. P.(2005).Parenting, children's empathy and compliance, and filial types.113th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (APA),Washington D.C., USA:
36. Zhang、 J.,Bond, H. M.(1998).Personality and filial piety among college students in two Chinese societies: The added value of indigenous constructs.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,29(3),402-417.
37. 陳思璇(2008)。嘉義大學家庭教育與諮商研究所。
38. 黃光國(2009)。從「儒家關係主義」評〈華人孝道雙元模型〉。本土心理學研究，32，163-185。
39. 楊中芳(2009)。試論深化孝道研究的方向。本土心理學研究，32，149-161。
40. 葉光輝(1997)。台灣民眾之孝道觀念的變遷情形。九○年代的台灣社會：社會變遷基本調查研究系列二（下），台北:
41. 葉光輝、楊國樞(2008)。中國人的孝道：心理學的分析。台北:國立台灣大學出版中心。

1. 余佳玟(2019)。三代家庭成長經驗對成年子女孝道信念及代間支持之影響。臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系學位論文。2019。1-79。