知覺滿足需求的教養與青少年的適應表現：雙元自主能力的跨時間中介效果檢驗

Perceived Need-Supportive Parenting and Adolescents' Adaptation: The Cross- Lagged Mediating Effect of Dual Autonomous Capacity

10.6254/2016.45.57

葉光輝(Kuang-Hui Yeh)；吳志文(Chih-Wen Wu)；王敏衡(Min-Heng Wang)

交叉延宕分析模型 ； 知覺滿足需求教養 ； 個體化自主能力 ； 適應表現 ； 關係自主能力 ； cross-lagged structural equation modeling ； individuating autonomy ； intrapersonal-domain and interpersonal-domain adaptation ； perceived need-supportive parenting ； relating autonomy

本土心理學研究

45期（2016 / 06 / 01）

57 - 92

繁體中文

過去不少實徵結果陸續驗證了雙元自主模型的個體化自主能力與關係自主能力有利於青少年的生活適應表現，但對於哪些因素可提升青少年雙元自主能力發展的實徵探討卻相當缺乏。本文以跨一年的追蹤研究設計資料，用以檢驗：知覺父母「滿足需求」教養對青少年雙元自主能力提升是否具有跨時間正向作用的預測效果，並進一步探討是否可經由青少年雙元自主能力的中介效果，分別對其在個人及人際生活範疇的適應表現產生對應範疇優勢的正向預測效果。本研究以1,419位高中生樣本間隔一年的兩個時間點重複測得的追縱研究設計資料，進行交叉延宕結構方程模式分析，結果顯示：知覺父母採用「滿足需求」教養方式傾向較高的青少年，其一年後的雙元自主能力及生活適應表現都明顯較佳。其中，知覺父母提供的「滿足需求」教養對於青少年後續在個人範疇正、負向適應表現（幸福感與焦慮傾向）跨時間的提升與降低作用，主要是經由增進青少年個體化自主能力的中介途徑發揮作用；相對地，知覺父母提供的「滿足需求」教養對青少年後續在人際範疇正、負向適應表現（社交技巧與偏差行為）跨時間的提升與降低作用，則主要是透過增進青少年關係自主能力的中介途徑產生效果。

Although existing works have demonstrated that the dual autonomy capacities (individuating autonomy and relating autonomy) are beneficial to Taiwanese adolescents' daily adaptation, few studies have explored which factors facilitate the strength of individuating and relating autonomy. We investigate the superior mediating effect of individuating autonomous (IA) capacity and relating autonomous (RA) capacity between perceived need-supportive parenting (NSP) and adolescents' intrapersonal-domain and interpersonal-domain adaptation with analyses of cross-lagged structural equation modeling. We recruited 1,419 10th grade students using a two-year longitudinal design to test the hypotheses. Results demonstrated that: (1) perceived NSP not only positively contributed to Taiwanese adolescents' one-year-later IA and RA capacities, but also facilitated their oneyear- later adaptation; (2) the IA capacity at T1 primarily mediated the effects of perceived NSP on adolescents' intrapersonal-domain adaptation (sense of well-being) and maladaptation (anxiety tendency) at Year 2, while the RA at T1 primarily mediated the effects of perceived NSP on adolescents' interpersonal-domain adaptation (social skill) and maladaptation (deviant behavior) at Year 2. Limitations and future directions are discussed on the results of this 2-year cross-lagged analysis.

1. 吳志文、葉光輝(2015)。工作自主經驗與父母教養行為：雙元自主性促進因素的範疇優勢性檢證。本土心理學研究，43，3-54。
   連結：
2. 吳志文、葉光輝(2011)。雙元自主性的共存與範疇優勢性運作機制：以訊息區辨表現降低共同方法變異。中華心理學刊，53(1)，59-77。
   連結：
3. (1994).life span development and behavior, Vol 12.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum..
4. Adams, G. R.(Ed.),Montemayory, R.(Ed.),Gullotta, T. P.(Ed.)(1996).Psychosocial development during adolescence.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage..
5. Assor, A.,Roth, G.,Deci, E. L.(2004).The emotional costs of parents' conditional regard: A self-determination theory analysis.Journal of Personality,72,47-88.
6. Barber, B. K.,Stolz, H. E.,Olsen, J. A.(2005).Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,70,1-137.
7. Bentler, P. M.,Bonett, D. G.(1980).Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.Psychological Bulletin,88(3),588-606.
8. Beyers, W.,Goossens, L.,Vansant, I.,Moors, E.(2003).A structural model of autonomy in middle and late adolescence: Connectedness, separation, detachment, and agency.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,32,351-365.
9. Chirkov, V.,Ryan, R. M.,Kim, Y.,Kaplan, U.(2003).Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84,97-110.
10. Cicchetti, D.(Ed.),Cohen, D. J.(Ed.)(2006).Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 1.Hoboken, NJ:John Wiley & Sons..
11. Damon, W.,Hart, D.(1988).Self-understanding in childhood and adolescence.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press..
12. Deci, E. L.(Ed.),Ryan, R. M.(Ed.)(2002).Handbook of self-determination research.Rochester, NY:University of Rochester Press..
13. Fuhrman, T.,Holmbeck, G. N.(1995).A contextual-moderator analysis of emotional autonomy and adjustment in adolescence.Child Development,66,793-811.
14. Grolnick, W. S.(2003).The psychology of parental control: How wellmeant parenting backfires.Mahwah, NJ:Erlbaum..
15. Grolnick, W. S.,Ryan, R. M.(1989).Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school.Journal of Educational Psychology,81,143-154.
16. Harter, S.(1999).The construction of the self.New York:Guilford Press..
17. Hu, L.,Bentler, P. M.(1999).Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives.Structural Equation Modeling,6(1),1-55.
18. Joussemet, M.,Landry, R.,Koestner, R.(2008).A self-determination theory perspective on parenting.Canadian Psychology,49,194-200.
19. Kline, R. B.(2005).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.New York:Guilford Press..
20. Ko, Y. H.(1998).Manual for Ko's Mental Health Questionnaire (KMHQ).Taipei, Taiwan:Chinese Behavioural Science Press.
21. Little, T. D.,Cunningham, W. A.,Shahar, G.,Widaman, K. F.(2002).To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits.Structural Equation Modeling,9,151-173.
22. Liu, J.(Ed.),Ward, C.(Ed.),Bernardo, A. B. I.(Ed.),Karasawa, M.(Ed.),Fischer, R.(Ed.)(2007).Progress in Asian social psychology: Global perspectives on Asian social psychology.Korea:Kyoyook-Kwahak-Sa Publishing..
23. Liu, Y. L.,Yeh, K. H.(2011).The mediating effect of mother-adolescent interactions on the relationship between maternal ego development and adolescent individuation in Taiwan.Swiss Journal of Psychology,70,155-164.
24. Loevinger, J.(1976).Ego development.San Francisco, CA:Jossey-Bass.
25. MacCallum, R. C.,Browne, M. W.,Sugawara, H. M.(1996).Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.Psychological Methods,1,130-149.
26. Markus, H. R.,Kitayama, S.(2003).Models of agency: Sociocultural diversity in the construction of action.Nebraska symposium on motivation, Vol. 49: Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self,Lincoln, NE:
27. Niemiec, C. P.,Lynch, M. F.,Vansteenkiste, M.,Bernstein, J.,Deci, E. L.,Ryan, R. M.(2006).The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization.Journal of Adolescence,29,761-775.
28. Noom, M. J.,Dekovic, M.,Meeus, W. H. J.(1999).Autonomy, attachment and psychological adjustment during adolescence: A double-edged sword?.Journal of Adolescence,22,771-783.
29. Offer, D.,Ostrov, E.,Howard, K. I.,Atkinson, R.(1988).The teenage world: Adolescents' self-image in ten countries.New York:Plenum Medical.
30. Oyserman, D.,Coon, H. M.,Kemmelmeier, M.(2002).Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.Psychological Bulletin,128,3-72.
31. Pierce, G. R.(Ed.),Lakey, B.(Ed.),Sarason, I. G.(Ed.),Sarason, B. R.(Ed.)(1997).Sourcebook of social support and personality.New York:Plenum Press.
32. Poston, D. L., Jr.(Ed.),Yang, W. S.(Ed.),Farris, D. N.(Ed.)(2014).The family and social change in Chinese societies.New York:Springer Netherlands..
33. Raeff, C.(2004).Within-culture complexities: Multifaceted and interrelated autonomy and connectedness characteristics in late adolescent selves.New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development,104,61-78.
34. Robbins, R. J.(1994).Robbins, R. J. (1994). An assessment of perceptions of parental autonomy support and control: Child and parent correlates. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.,Department of Psychology, University of Rochester.
35. Ryan, R. M.(1995).Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes.Journal of Personality,63(3),397-427.
36. Ryan, R. M.,Deci, E. L.(2000).Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.American Psychologist,55,68-78.
37. Ryan, R. M.,Stiller, J. D.,Lynch, J. H.(1994).Representations of relationships to teachers, parents, and friends as predictors of academic motivation and self-esteem.Journal of Early Adolescence,14,226-249.
38. Shapiro, D.(1981).Autonomy and rigid character.New York:Basic Books.
39. Soenens, B.,Vansteenkiste, M.,Lens, W.,Luyckx, K.,Goossens, L.,Beyers, W.(2007).Conceptualizing parental autonomy support: Adolescent perceptions of promotion of independence versus promotion of volitional functioning.Developmental Psychology,43,633-646.
40. Stafford, L.,Bayer, C. L.(1993).Interaction between parents and children.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage..
41. Steinberg, L.,Silverberg, S. B.(1986).The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence.Child Development,57,841-851.
42. Strauss, J.(Ed.),Goethals, G.(Ed.)(1991).The self: Interdisciplinary approaches.New York:Springer-Verlag.
43. Yeh, K. H.,Bedford, O.,Yang, Y. J.(2009).A cross-cultural comparison of the coexistence and domain superiority of individuating and relating autonomy.International Journal of Psychology,44,213-221.
44. Yeh, K. H.,Yang, Y. J.(2006).Construct validation of individuating and relating autonomy orientations in culturally Chinese adolescents.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,9,148-160.
45. 余德慧(1987)。長大，還要更成熟：從時間綜觀自我生涯發展。張老師月刊，19(1)，24-28。
46. 吳靜吉、楊蕢芬(1987)。刺激尋求動機與創造力、偏差行為之關係研究。政治大學教育心理學報，58，189-216。
47. 李雪莉(2007)。別當直升機父母。天下雜誌，368，106-115。
48. 陸洛(1998)。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研究彙刊：人文及社會科學，8(1)，115-137。
49. 黃德祥(1988)。博士論文(博士論文)。政治大學教育研究所。
50. 葉光輝(2013)。華人青少年的自主性發展。華人的心理與行為：全球化脈絡下的研究反思，台北:

1. 蔡美香,孫頌賢,施香如(2019)。家庭關係中親密與自主的平衡。中華輔導與諮商學報，56，1-15。
2. 陳憶,陳柯玫(2020)。家庭關係對弱勢青少年主觀幸福感之影響。人文社會科學研究，14(1)，39-58。
3. 姜定宇,林佳樺(2019)。華人角色關係的情緒表達規則回顧與前瞻。本土心理學研究，51，169-228。
4. 劉明洲,汪冠宏,王承諺(2019)。探究國小學童教養風格、創客素養和創客學習成效之關係。數位學習科技期刊，11(4)，25-49。
5. 葉光輝,吳志文,何文澤(2019)。知覺父母衝突溝通模式對青少年生活適應的影響：探討衝突情緒調控策略的中介效果。人類發展與家庭學報，20，24-63。
6. 葉光輝,張仁和,孫蒨如(2019)。華人本土自我研究的回顧與前瞻。本土心理學研究，51，3-31。
7. (2024)。休閒自行車參與者地方依附對家庭關係之影響。運動休閒管理學報，21(1)，1-10。