神經肌肉訓練降低非接觸性前十字韌帶傷害之效果

10.6162/SRR.2009.101.29

許孟霖；林晉利

膝關節 ； 生物力學 ； 傷害預防

大專體育

101期（2009 / 04 / 01）

210 - 216

繁體中文

前十字韌帶傷害是常見的運動傷害，除了立即性的影響運動表現，更可能造成膝關節不穩等後遺症，因此預防前十字韌帶傷害是一項重要的議題。研究指出非接觸性前十字韌帶傷害是在運動場上前十字韌帶傷害的主要機制，非接觸性前十字韌帶傷害有環境、解剖構造、荷爾蒙及生物力學四方面的危險因子，其中生物力學屬於訓練較能改善的危險因子。神經肌肉訓練(neuromuscular training)是針對改善神經肌肉控制的訓練法，能增加肌肉協調以及動、靜態平衡能力。有研究發現神經肌肉訓練能夠降低高中運動員前十字韌帶傷害發生率，背後的機制可能是改變了在急停跳躍、與急切等動作時的肌肉協調，降低了脛骨近端前移剪力、膝關節伸展力矩與膝內翻力矩等與非接觸性前十字韌帶傷害相關的因子。神經肌肉訓練除了增加表現還有預防傷害的功能，了解預防傷害的詳細機制有助於教練設計訓練內容。

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