維持籃球比賽體能表現之營養增補策略

Strategies of Nutrition Supplementation for Physical Performance in a Basketball Tournament

10.6162/SRR.2012.123.08

曹立妍(Li-Yen Tsao)；方竹君(Chu-Chun Fang)；林益安(Yi-An Lin)

肌肝醣 ； 水分補充 ； 營養增補時機 ； muscle glycogen ； rehydration ； timing of nutrition supplementation

大專體育

123期（2012 / 12 / 01）

55 - 62

繁體中文

在比賽過程中如何去防止運動員體能大幅下滑，一直都是教練與運動員相當關注的議題，若在決勝時期無法具備足夠的體能，就可能會影響到個人的技能表現或團隊戰術的執行。除了平時完善的體能訓練計畫外，另外還需配合適當的營養增補策略才得以發揮最佳表現。因此，本文根據相關的實證研究結果與運動營養之指導方針等文獻，針對日常營養需求、賽前、賽中及賽後等不同時間點歸納出適用之營養增補策略，作為維持籃球比賽體能表現之營養增補參考依據。由於籃球比賽屬於高強度間歇運動的耗能特性，在賽前、賽中及賽後的增補策略主要在於維持肌肝醣的存量，包含賽前提高存量、賽中減少不必要之消耗量以及賽後加速再合成速率等；此外，水分的補充也是一項十分重要的營養補給工作，卻易被運動員忽略。水分不足除了影響體能或技能表現外，亦可能對肌肝醣的再合成造成阻礙，因此文中亦對水分補充提出相關的論述與增補建議。然而，營養增補策略並非僵化一成不變的，可根據不同層級的球員、訓練計畫、比賽環境、賽制安排、個人喜好以及個別生理反應等進行適度的調整，使各個運動員在此營養增補的範疇中皆發展出一套具有最佳效能的個人策略。

Prevention of performance drop is an important demand for basketball players. Without optimal physical fitness, team tactics will be influenced. In this regard, nutrition supplementation may be employed for this demand. The present review will provide evidence-based clinical reports and summarize guideline for this goal. Strategies of nutrition supplementation for daily diet and those before, during, and after each game in a basketball tournament are outlined in the paper. As a basketball game is a high-intensity intermittent and enormous energy-taking sport, increasing glycogen storage before game, methods for decreasing unnecessary breakdown of glycogen during game and accelerating glycogen synthesis after game are mentioned. Rehydration, another important nutritional practice for basketball players, is often overlooked by players. Dehydration can seriously impair physical performance and can impede the synthesis of muscle glycogen. Methods for rehydration are also detailed in the paper. We recommend that nutritional intervention for physical performance should be individualized according to performance levels, training programs, contest environments, competition events, individual preferences and physiological responses of players.

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