養成身體活動習慣：自我調整把意圖轉化為行動

Developing Physical Activity Habits: Translating Intention Into Action by Self-Regulation

10.6162/SRR.201909_(150).0001

黃耀宗(Yao-Chung Huang)；蔣憶德(Yi-Te Chiang)

行為意圖 ； 內在動機 ； 表現能力 ； 腦波 ； 功能性磁振造影 ； behavioral intention ； intrinsic motivation ； performance ability ； electroencephalogram ； functional magnetic resonance imaging

大專體育

150期（2019 / 09 / 30）

1 - 9

繁體中文

早期的身體活動行為理論主要聚焦在行為為何會產生，包括行為意圖、內在動機及表現能力等。然而，近期的研究則逐漸著重在行為如何產生，探討比意圖或動機更接進行為的因素。本文目的是透過分析相關研究文獻，探討自我調整的構念，及其對意圖與行為間關係的影響及相關影響因素。分析結果顯示自我調整構念包括：因應計畫、優先化、解決問題、自我監控、目標設定、獲得社會支持、強化、時間管理及避免故態復萌等。自我調整不僅中介且調節身體活動意圖與行為間的關係。自我效能及樂趣中介自我調整與身體活動間的關係，在高支持性工作環境下，自我調整才容易增加身體活動行為，執行功能低時，特質自我控制與意圖行為差距的關係不顯著。自我調整的前因，包括克服阻礙的效能、期望、意象頻率及自主性動機等。本文結語提出採用specific、measurable、attainable、realistic、time-based、evaluate、rewarded（SMARTER）運動目標設定及wish、outcome、obstacle、plan（WOOP）方法增進身體活動，並建議未來的研究結合腦波、功能性磁振造影等生理測量研究工具，更進一步解析自我調整影響身體活動的機轉。

Early physical activity behavior theories have focused on why behaviors occur, including behavioral intention, intrinsic motivation, and performance ability. However, recent research has gradually focused on how behaviors are generated and explores more proximal factors than intention or motivation. The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review exploring the concepts of self-regulation, its effect on the relationship between intention and behavior, and related factors. The results show that self-regulation involves multiple concepts, including formation of a coping plan, prioritization, problem resolution, self-monitoring, goal setting, eliciting social support, reinforcements, time management, and relapse prevention. Self-regulation not only mediates but also moderates the relationship between intention and behavior. Self-efficacy and the experience of pleasure mediate the relationship between self-regulation and behavior. Self-regulation increases physical activity most effectively in an environment that incorporates high levels of support. The effect of trait self-regulation on the gap between intention and behavior is insignificant only when executive function is low. Antecedents of self-regulation include ability to overcome obstacles, expectation, imagery frequency, and autonomous motivation. We conclude that the specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-based, evaluated, and rewarded (SMARTER) goal setting principles and the wish, outcome, obstacle, and plan (WOOP) methods can enhance physical activity. Research instruments combining electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the mechanism of self-regulation on physical activity are suggested for the future research.

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