死亡顯要對從事冒險性運動之行為意圖的影響：恐懼管理理論觀點

Influence of Mortality Salience on Behavioral Intentions for Participating in Adventure Sports: A Terror Management Theory Perspective

10.6162/SRR.202012_(155).0004

許振明(Jen-Ming Shiu)

文化世界觀 ； 自尊 ； 防衛機制 ； 焦慮緩衝假說 ； cultural worldview ； self-esteem ； defense mechanism ； anxiety-buffer hypothesis

大專體育

155期（2020 / 12 / 31）

44 - 55

繁體中文

恐懼管理理論認為人們為減少對死亡的恐懼和焦慮，會以維護文化世界觀與提升自尊來產生防衛機制。理論主要來自「焦慮緩衝假說」和「死亡提醒假說」，假定每個人都對死亡有恐懼心理。為緩解這種情緒人們創立文化世界觀，讓每個人覺得在這有意義的世界中，是具有價值的一員。而能符應文化世界觀即能擁有自尊，從而象徵性的超越死亡。恐懼管理理論發展至今已逾30多年，因此，本文透過文獻探討，目的是以恐懼管理理論為視角，探索死亡顯要與從事冒險性運動之行為意圖的關係與影響，同時檢視恐懼管理理論適用性。分析結果發現人們會藉由社會文化中共同認定之有價值和有意義的事情來提升安全感，從而利用冒險性運動來彰顯自我價值。而在死亡顯要情境下，會藉由提升自尊來減緩對死亡的恐懼，且在死亡顯要情境操弄下會影響行為意圖，然其研究實仍存有文化差異、適用性及科學研究本質可信度等疑義。因此，本文據以提出恐懼管理理論下，死亡顯要操弄與解釋力的辯證、死亡顯要對從事冒險性運動之行為意圖的心理機制解析、死亡顯要對從事冒險性運動之相關運動領域的實務運用、死亡顯要與從事冒險性運動之行為意圖的未來相關議題研究，期能提供省思及實務運用之參考與建議。

Terror management theory (TMT), which has been in development for more than 30 years, holds that people develop defense mechanisms in order to reduce the fear of death. The theory comes mainly from the anxiety-buffer hypothesis and the mortality salience hypothesis, which assume that awareness of the eventuality of death can cause anxiety. People create and maintain a cultural worldview which assuages this apprehension by affirming that an individual is a valuable member of a meaningful world. This further reinforces self-esteem, thus symbolically surmounting the fear of death. The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship and influence of mortality salience and the behavioral intention of engaging in adventure sports from the perspective of TMT through literature discussion, and to examine the applicability of TMT. Our results show that people gain a sense of security through things that are commonly recognized as valuable and meaningful in their social culture. People can also demonstrate their self-worth by engaging in adventure sports. In mortality salience situations, the fear of death can influence one's behavior intent. It can also be reduced by raising self-esteem. However, the validity of TMT has been questioned in light of cultural differences, concerns about its applicability, and the essential credibility of its scientific research. This paper provides references and suggestions for the dialectical analysis, practical application and explanatory power of mortality salience under the TMT in the context of adventure sports. It also analyzes the psychological mechanism through which mortality salience influences behavioral intentions for participating in adventure sports, and discusses future related study.

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