臺灣規律性運動人口比率與身體質量指數變化的關係

Relationship Between the Percentage of Regular Exercise Population and Changes in Body Mass Index in Taiwan

10.6162/SRR.202209_(162).0003

林惠玉(Hui-Yu Lin)；王政彥(Cheng-Yen Wang)；魏正(Cheng Wei)

肥胖 ； 身體活動 ； 過重 ； 標準 ； 過輕 ； obesity ； physical activity ； overweight ； normal ； underweight

大專體育

162期（2022 / 09 / 30）

25 - 36

繁體中文;英文

肥胖通常與常見慢性疾病及代謝症候群有關，缺乏身體活動已成為全球性疾病死因的主要危險因素。一直以來，足夠的身體活動量被認為對身體有多方面的益處，且傾向於保持理想的體重。因此，本研究蒐集2006～2019年教育部體育署調查臺灣規律性運動人口及身體質量指數（body mass index, BMI）的現況，目的為瞭解規律性運動人口比率與BMI變化之間的關係。分析結果顯示：規律性運動人口比率隨著年分增加而增加，肥胖及過重比率也具有相同增加的趨勢；反之，標準及過輕比率卻逐年遞減。此外，規律性運動人口比率與肥胖及過重比率呈現正相關；也就是說，規律性運動人口比率愈高，肥胖或過重比率也愈高。相反的，規律性運動人口比率與標準及過輕比率呈現負相關，且這種現象出現在女性及較年輕的族群。本研究結論認為規律性運動並沒有存在對控制肥胖或過重有利的線索，建議國人從事規律性運動的同時，仍需提高運動強度或更多的運動時間，並隨時監測自己體重，以達到控制體重的目標。

Obesity is usually associated with common chronic diseases and metabolic syndrome, and lack of physical activity has become the fourth leading risk factor for death from diseases worldwide. For a long time, sufficient exercise has been considered to have many health benefits, and it plays a role in maintaining an ideal body weight. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the percentage of the population engaged in regular exercise and changes in body mass index (BMI), through demographic data regarding regular exercise and BMI in Taiwan. Survey data covering 2006 to 2019 from the Sports Administration, Ministry of Education was analyzed to address these questions. The results showed a positive yearly trend in the percentage of population engaging in regular exercise; meanwhile, the percentage of overweight and obese people displays a similarly increasing trend. In contrast, the percentage of individuals of standard or low weight decreased. The percentage of population exercising regularly is positively correlated with the percentage of those obese or overweight, especially in females and the younger population, and negatively correlated with the percentage of those of standard or low weight. In conclusion, there is no indication that regular exercise is beneficial in controlling obesity or excess weight. It is recommended that while engaging in regular exercise, people need to increase exercise intensity or frequency, and monitor their own weight over time to achieve the goal of weight control.

1. Yeh, T.-L.,Hsu, H.-Y.,Tsai, M.-C.,Hsu, L.-Y.,Hwang, L.-C.,Chien, K.-L.(2021).Association between metabolically healthy obesity/overweight and cardiovascular disease risk: A representative cohort study in Taiwan.PLOS ONE,16(2),e0246378.
   連結：
2. Aadahl, M.,Kjær, M.,Jørgensen, T.(2007).Associations between overall physical activity level and cardiovascular risk factors in an adult population.European Journal of Epidemiology,22(6),369-378.
3. Afshin, A.,Forouzanfar, M. H.,Reitsma, M. B.,Sur, P.,Estep, K.,Lee, A.,Marczak, L.,Mokdad, A. H.,Moradi-Lakeh, M.,Naghavi, M.,Salama, J. S.,Vos, T.,Abate, K.,Abbafati, C.,Ahmed, M.,Al-Aly, Z.,Alkerwi, A.,Al-Raddadi, R.,Amare, A. T.,Murray, C. J. L.(2017).Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years.New England Journal of Medicine,377(1),13-27.
4. Alberti, K. G.,Eckel, R. H.,Grundy, S. M.,Zimmet, P. Z.,Cleeman, J. I.,Donato, K. A.,Fruchart, J.-C.,James, W. P. T.,Loria, C. M.,Smith, S. C.(2009).Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the study of obesity.Circulation,120(16),1640-1645.
5. Bhaskarabhatla, K. V.,Birrer, R.(2005).Physical activity and diabetes mellitus.Comprehensive Therapy,31(4),291-298.
6. Bhupathiraju, S. N.,Hu, F. B.(2016).Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications.Circulation Research,118(11),1723-1735.
7. Blair, S. N.,Brodney, S.(1999).Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: Current evidence and research issues.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31(11),S646-S662.
8. Bravata, D. M.,Smith-Spangler, C.,Sundaram, V.,Gienger, A. L.,Lin, N.,Lewis, R.,Stave, C. D.,Olkin, I.,Sirard, J. R.(2007).Using pedometers to increase physical activity and improve health: A systematic review.The Journal of the American Medical Association,298(19),2296-2304.
9. Dikaiou, P.,Björck, L.,Adiels, M.,Lundberg, C. E.,Mandalenakis, Z.,Manhem, K.,Rosengren, A.(2021).Obesity, overweight and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality in young women.European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,28(12),1351-1359.
10. DiPietro, L.(1995).Physical activity, body weight, and adiposity: An epidemiologic perspective.Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,23(1),275-304.
11. Donnelly, J. E.,Blair, S. N.,Jakicic, J. M.,Manore, M. M.,Rankin, J. W.,Smith, B. K.(2009).Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,41(2),459-471.
12. Fagard, R. H.(1999).Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the obese.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31(Suppl. 11),S624-S630.
13. Finucane, M. M.,Stevens, G. A.,Cowan, M. J.,Danaei, G.,Lin, J. K.,Paciorek, C. J.,Singh, G. M.,Gutierrez, H. R.,Lu, Y.,Bahalim, A. N.,Farzadfar, F.,Riley, L. M.,Ezzati, M.(2011).National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: Systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9.1 million participants.The Lancet,377(9765),557-567.
14. Garrow, J. S.,Summerbell, C. D.(1995).Meta-analysis: Effect of exercise, with or without dieting, on the body composition of overweight subjects.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,49(1),1-10.
15. Jakicic, J. M.,Otto, A. D.(2005).Physical activity considerations for the treatment and prevention of obesity.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,82(Suppl. 1),226S-229S.
16. Kang, J.,Robertson, R. J.,Hagberg, J. M.,Kelley, D. E.,Goss, F. L.,DaSilva, S. G.,Suminski, R. R.,Utter, A. C.(1996).Effect of exercise intensity on glucose and insulin metabolism in obese individuals and obese NIDDM patients.Diabetes Care,19(4),341-349.
17. Kraus, W. E.,Houmard, J. A.,Duscha, B. D.,Knetzger, K. J.,Wharton, M. B.,McCartney, J. S.,Bales, C. W.,Henes, S.,Samsa, G. P.,Otvos, J. D.,Kulkarni, K. R.,Slentz, C. A.(2002).Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins.New England Journal of Medicine,347(19),1483-1492.
18. Lavie, C. J.,Arena, R.,Alpert, M. A.,Milani, R. V.,Ventura, H. O.(2018).Management of cardiovascular diseases in patients with obesity.Nature Reviews Cardiology,15(1),45-56.
19. Lee, I.-M.,Skerrett, P. J.(2001).Physical activity and all-cause mortality: What is the dose-response relation?.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,33(Suppl. 6),S459-S471.
20. Magee, L.(1985).Efficiency of iterative estimators in the regression model with AR(1) disturbances.Journal of Econometrics,29(3),275-287.
21. McMurray, R. G.,Ward, D. S.,Elder, J. P.,Lytle, L. A.,Strikmiller, P. K.,Baggett, C. D.,Young, D. R.(2008).Do overweight girls overreport physical activity?.American Journal of Health Behavior,32(5),538-546.
22. Nazare, J.-A.,Smith, J. D.,Borel, A.-L.,Haffner, S. M.,Balkau, B.,Ross, R.,Massien, C.,Alméras, N.,Després, J.-P.(2012).Ethnic influences on the relations between abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, liver fat, and cardiometabolic risk profile: The international study of prediction of intra-abdominal adiposity and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk/intra-abdominal adiposity.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,96(4),714-726.
23. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration(2016).Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants.The Lancet,387(10026),1377-1396.
24. Ng, M.,Fleming, T.,Robinson, M.,Thomson, B.,Graetz, N.,Margono, C.,Mullany, E. C.,Biryukov, S.,Abbafati, C.,Abera, S. F.,Abraham, J. P.,Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E.,Achoki, T.,AlBuhairan, F. S.,Alemu, Z. A,Alfonso, R.,Ali, M. K,Ali, R.,Guzman, N. A., E.(2014).Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,384(9945),766-781.
25. Nocon, M.,Hiemann, T.,Müller-Riemenschneider, F.,Thalau, F.,Roll, S.,Willich, S. N.(2008).Association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation,15(3),239-246.
26. Oktay, A. A.,Lavie, C. J.,Kokkinos, P. F.,Parto, P.,Pandey, A.,Ventura, H. O.(2017).The interaction of cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity and the obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease.Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases,60(1),30-44.
27. Parto, P.,Lavie, C. J.(2017).Obesity and cardiovasculardiseases.Current Problems in Cardiology,42(11),376-394.
28. Sellayah, D.,Cagampang, F. R.,Cox, R. D.(2014).On the evolutionary origins of obesity: A new hypothesis.Endocrinology,155(5),1573-1588.
29. Swift, D. L.,McGee, J. E.,Earnest, C. P.,Carlisle, E.,Nygard, M.,Johannsen, N. M.(2018).The effects of exercise and physical activity on weight loss and maintenance.Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases,61(2),206-213.
30. Taylor, R. S.,Brown, A.,Ebrahim, S.,Jolliffe, J.,Noorani, H.,Rees, K.,Skidmore, B.,Stone, J. A.,Thompson, D. R.,Oldridge, N.(2004).Exercisebased rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The American Journal of Medicine,116(10),682-692.
31. Thompson, P. D.,Buchner, D.,Piña, I. L.,Balady, G. J.,Williams, M. A.,Marcus, B. H.,Berra, K.,Blair, S. N.,Costa, F.,Franklin, B.,Fletcher, G. F.,Gordon, N. F.,Pate, R. R.,Rodriguez, B. L.,Yancey, A. K.,Wenger, N. K.(2003).Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity).Circulation,107(24),3109-3116.
32. Tudor-Locke, C.,Bassett, D. R., Jr.(2004).How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health.Sports Medicine,34(1),1-8.
33. Tuomilehto, J.,Lindström, J.,Eriksson, J. G.,Valle, T. T.,Hämäläinen, H.,Ilanne-Parikka, P.,KeinänenKiukaanniemi, S.,Laakso, M.,Louheranta, A.,Rastas, M.,Salminen, V.,Aunola, S.,Cepaitis, Z.,Moltchanov, V.,Hakumäki, M.,Mannelin, M.,Martikkala, V.,Sundvall, J.,Uusitupa, M.(2001).Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.New England Journal of Medicine,344(18),1343-1350.
34. Warburton, D. E. R.,Charlesworth, S.,Ivey, A.,Nettlefold, L.,Bredin, S. S. D.(2010).A systematic review of the evidence for Canada’s Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults.International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity,7(1),39.
35. Warburton, D. E. R.,Nicol, C. W.,Bredin, S. S. D.(2006).Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.Canadian Medical Association Journal,174(6),801-809.
36. Williams, E. P.,Mesidor, M.,Winters, K.,Dubbert, P. M.,Wyatt, S. B.(2015).Overweight and obesity: Prevalence, consequences, and causes of a growing public health problem.Current Obesity Reports,4(3),363-370.
37. Wing, R. R.(1999).Physical activity in the treatment of the adulthood overweight and obesity: Current evidence and research issues.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31(Suppl. 11),S547-S552.
38. World Heath Oganization(2010).Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
39. World Heath Oganization. (2021, June 9). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved September 19, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
40. Xia, M.-F.,Chen, L.-Y.,Wu, L.,Ma, H.,Li, X.-M.,Li, Q.,Aleteng, Q.,Hu, Y.,He, W.-Y.,Gao, J.,Lin, H.-D.,Gao, X.(2021).Sarcopenia, sarcopenic overweight/obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiac arrhythmia: A cross-sectional study.Clinical Nutrition,40(2),571-580.
41. 教育部體育署（2015）。「運動 i 臺灣」：105 至 110年全民運動推展中程計畫。https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Other/f1448262854502.pdf[Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (2015). “Sports in Taiwan”: Promoting the medium-term plan of sport for all from 2016 to 2021. https://www.sa.gov.tw/Resource/Other/f1448262854502.pdf]
42. 教育部體育署（無日期）。運動現況統計。運動資訊平臺。https://isports.sa.gov.tw/apps/Download.aspx ?SYS=TIS&MENU_CD=M07&ITEM_CD=T01& MENU_PRG_CD=4&ITEM_PRG_CD=2[Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Sports statistics. i Sports Information Platform. https://isports.sa.gov.tw/apps/Download.aspx?SYS= TIS&MENU_CD=M07&ITEM_CD=T01&MENU_PRG_CD=4&ITEM_PRG_CD=2]
43. 衛生福利部國民健康署（2021 年 11 月 24 日）。國民營養健康調查。2022 年 10 月 1 日引自 https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=3998[Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2021, November 24). Nutrition and health survey in Taiwan. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=3998]

1. 薛名淳,廖邕,洪義筌,林倩宇(2023)。臺灣規律運動比率之趨勢變化：轉折點迴歸分析（2007-2022年）。體育學報，56(4)，441-454。