题名

打造第一個全球裝配線:台灣通用器材公司與城鄉移民,1964~1990

并列篇名

To Make the First Global Assembly Line: General Instrument, Taiwan, and the Institutions of Rural-Urban Migration, 1964-1990

DOI

10.30388/BLR.200607_(20).0001

作者

陳信行(Hsin-Hsing Chen)

关键词

勞工史-台灣 ; 招工 ; 城鄉移民 ; 勞動力市場 ; 加工出口工業 ; labor history-Taiwan ; recruitment ; urban-rural migration ; labor market ; export-processing industry

期刊名称

政大勞動學報

卷期/出版年月

20期(2006 / 07 / 01)

页次

1 - 48

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

本文從勞工史的角度探討全球第一家電子加工出口工廠-台北縣新店市的美商台灣通用器材公司-從一九六○到一九九○年代的招工模式的變化,及其在台灣都市工人階級社會形成中扮演的角色。該廠在台灣的設立可說是當代全球化中最醒目的特色-「全球裝配線」的肇端。為了適應急遽擴大的利潤與業務需求,通用與同代的加工出口廠在一九七○至一九八○年代末之間積極地招募開發台灣各地潛在的勞動力來源,並配合宿舍、學校等機構協助年輕工人適應都市環境。相應地,大工業的主流聘募手段由「特殊主義」轉變為「普遍主義」。但是,一九八○年代末之後,隨著「大招工年代」的消失與都市社會的形成,「特殊主義」的招工又取得優勢。本文利用社會史史料勾勒招工模式的歷史變遷,並將之做為台灣社會變遷的一個個案研究。對於主流慣常以經濟與「技能」等概念解釋勞動力市場變遷,作者主張以更豐富的社會觀點來代替。

英文摘要

The first ”marquila” or export-processing plant in the world, the General Instrument, Taiwan, (GIT) plant located in Hsintien, Taiwan can be said to be the forerunner of the ”global assembly line,” which is the main feature of today's capitalist globalization. This article traces the changes of workforce recruitment atterns and practices of GIT from the 1960s to the 1990s, and discusses how these processes helped to shape the faces of today's urban working class in Taiwan. To meet the accelerating profit and demands, GIT and other marquilas instituted aggressive recruitment tactics pursuing human resources deposits from the far corners of the island. The corporations also established institutions for habilitating young rural workers to the urban lives, with the help of schools, churches, government and other institutions. During the decades of frenzy urban-rural migration in the 1970s and 1980s, the main channels of the big corporations' recruitment changed from particularist to more universalist in nature. However, after the end of the era, particularist hiring methods gained advantage again. Using the historical material, the author argues against the simple economistic views about the labor market and the objectivist view of ”skill,” and calls for a more sophisticated analyses that can link developments in the labor market to transformation in other social dimensions.

主题分类 社會科學 > 經濟學
社會科學 > 管理學
社會科學 > 法律學
参考文献
  1. Arrigo, Linda Gail(1998)。激盪!台灣反對運動總批判。台北:前衛。
  2. Attwell, Paul(1990).What is skill.Work and Occupations,17,422-448.
  3. Becker, Gary. S.(1975).Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education.New York:National Bureau of Economic Research.
  4. Cowie, Jefferson(1999).Capital Moves: RCA`s Seventy-Year Quest for Cheap Labor.New York:the New Press.
  5. Deyo, Frederic C.,F. C. Deyo (ed.)(1987).The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism. Ithaca.NY:Cornell U. P..
  6. Gates, Hill(1979).Dependency and Part-Time Proletariat in Taiwan.Modern China,5,381-408.
  7. General Instrument(2001).General Instrument of Taiwan.Shin Dian:GI.
  8. Klein, Naomi、徐詩思譯(2003)。No Logo。台北:時報。
  9. Kumazawa Makoto,Yamada Jun,Wood (ed.)(1989).The Transformation of Work? Skill, Flexibility and the Labour Process.London:Unwin Hyman.
  10. Licht, Walter(1992).Getting Work: Philadelphia.Philadelphia:U. of Penn Press.
  11. Meyer, Stephen, III(1981).The Five Dollar Day: Labor Management and Social Control in the Ford Motor Company, 1908-1921.Albany:SUNY Press.
  12. Miller, Ann R. (eds.)(1980).Work, Jobs, and Occupations: A Critical Review of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles.Washington, D. C.:National Academy Press.
  13. Moody, Kim(1997).Workers in a Lean World.London:Verso.
  14. Spenner, Kenneth(1990).Skill: Meaning, Method, and Measures.Work and Occupations,17,399-421.
  15. Spenner, Kenneth(1983).Deciphering Prometheus: Temporal Change in the Skill Level of Work.American Sociological Review,48,824-837.
  16. Steinberg, Ronnie(1990).Social construction of skill: Gender, power, and comparable worth.Work and Occupations,17,449-482.
  17. Thompson, E. P、錢成旦譯(1963)。英國工人階級的形成。南京:譯林。
  18. Vallas, Steven Peter(1990).The Concept of Skill.Work and Occupations,17,379-398.
  19. Vallas, Steven Peter(1991).Power in the Workplace.Albany:SUNY Press.
  20. 王士杰(1971)。加強國民就業輔導之幾個重要問題。反攻月刊,350,24-25。
  21. 資策會李國鼎紀念網站
  22. 具海根、梁光嚴、張靜譯(2004)。韓國工人-階級形成的文化與政治。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
  23. 財訊(1987)。正視勞工自力救濟引發的後遺症。財訊,214-217。
  24. 涂耀聖(1983)。台灣省國民就業輔導現況與展望。社會福利,1,19-30。
  25. 張忠謀(1984)。張忠謀博士對本公司管理人員演講。通用之聲-台灣通用器材公司慶祝建廠廿週年廠慶特刊,4-5。
  26. 張國興(1991)。台灣戰後勞工問題。台北:現代學術基金會。
  27. 郭振昌(2001)。就業服務業務的回顧與展望。就業與訓練,57-62。
  28. 裕隆汽車(1973)。裕隆二十年。新店:裕隆汽車公司。
  29. 裕隆汽車(1993)。裕隆四十年。新店:裕隆汽車公司。
  30. 趙守博(1990)。當前就業輔導與職業訓練工作的挑戰與重點。就業與訓練,4-15。
被引用次数
  1. 翁註重(2020)。豪華或精巧?後殖民時代下的現代設計美學矛盾-以1960s~1990s台灣電視機造型演變為例。設計學研究,23(2),107-134。
  2. 吳蕙芳(2015)。天主教聖言會的社會服務事業:以新店大坪林德華女子公寓為例(1968-1988)。政治大學歷史學報,44,223-280。