题名

最低工資制度的比較分析及對台灣制定最低工資法的啟示

并列篇名

Comparative Analysis of Minimum Wage Institution and Its Implications for Minimum Wages Act Formulate in Taiwan

DOI

10.30388/BLR.201807_(30).0002

作者

李健鴻(Chien-Hung Lee)

关键词

最低工資制度 ; 決策機制 ; 審議程序 ; 調整指標 ; 強制執行機制 ; Minimum Wage Institution ; Decision mechanism ; Review Procedure ; Adjustment Index ; Enforcement mechanism

期刊名称

政大勞動學報

卷期/出版年月

30期(2018 / 07 / 01)

页次

41 - 97

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

制定「最低工資法」是當前台灣社會關切的重要勞動政策議題,本文為探討合理可行之最低工資法的制度内涵,從「制度比較分析」的途徑,比較分析各國最低工資制度的制度類型,並分析各國最低工資制度在決策機制、審議程序、調整指標、強制執行機制的制度內涵,藉以省思台灣的基本工資制度在實踐上出現的問題,進而提出台灣制定最低工資法的制度設計原則。研究發現,台灣基本工資制度是屬於「單一最低工資率適用於全國所有勞工-政府是最終決策者」的制度類型,但是實施多年以來,出現了「調整指標的強制效力不足」、「審議程序機制不明確」、「審議結果易被政府否決」、「強制執行機制的實施成效有限」等實踐問題,導致基本工資制度原本應達到「保障低薪勞工最低生活需要」之政策目標的成效有限。研究建議,考量台灣的實際情形,並參照多數國家實施最低工資制度的作法,最低工資立法的制度設計原則應該包括:「勞資政三方參與」的「最低工資委員會」決策機制、「每年定期召開審議會議」、「研究小組檢視提議」與「社會各界提出不同意見」的最低工資調整機制、法制化的最低工資調整指標、有效落實的強制執行機制等。

英文摘要

Formulating Minimum Wage Act is important labor policy issue in contemporary Taiwan, this article aim to explore the reasonable and feasible institutional design principles of Minimum Wage Act. From comparative analysis of minimum wage institution concerning about the decision mechanism, review procedure, adjustment index, enforcement mechanism in countries, this article provide the institutional design principles of formulating Minimum Wage Act after review the practical problems of basic wages institution in Taiwan. The first main finding is that the basic wages institution belong to the category of "single minimum wage rate for all national workers - government is sole decision maker". The second main finding is that there were four practical problems derived from the basic wage institution as follow: inadequate enforcement performance of adjustment index, unclear review procedure, reviewed outcomes likely to be rejected by government, limited enforcement mechanism performance, resulting in the limited wage protection performance for low wages workers. Consider the practical problems and the measures of minimum wage institution in most countries, the suggestions as follow, the institutional design principles of for formulating Minimum Wage Act includes: minimum wage committee composed of representatives of workers, employers and government according to the principle of triple participating, regular review mechanism every year, proposal by research group, appeal institution from civil society, formulating the legal system of adjustment index and effective enforcement mechanism.

主题分类 社會科學 > 經濟學
社會科學 > 管理學
社會科學 > 法律學
参考文献
  1. 許甘霖(2001)。放任與壓制之外─政治化薪資形構初探。台灣社會研究季刊,38,1-58。
    連結:
  2. 葉崇揚,陳盈方(2013)。民主、資本主義與年金體系的發展:臺灣經驗的分析。人文及社會科學集刊,25(1),45-86。
    連結:
  3. (2010).綜合規劃研究:99年.台北:國家發展委員會.
  4. Deyo, Frederic C.(1989).Beneath the Miracle: Labor Subordination in the New Asian Industrialism.Berkeley:University of California Press.
  5. Eyraud, Francois,Saget, Catherine(2005).The fundamentals of minimum wage Fixing.Geneva:International Labor Organization Office.
  6. Grimshaw, Damian,Rubery, Jill(2010).Minimum Wage Systems and Changing Industrial Relations in Europe: Comparative Report.UK:European Work and Employment Research Centre, University of Manchester.
  7. International Labor Organization(2013).Global Wage Report 2012-13: Wages and Equitable Growth.Geneva:International Labor Organization Office.
  8. International Labor Organization(1993).Minimum Wage Fixing: An International Review of Practices and Problems.Geneva:International Labor Organization Office.
  9. International Labor Organization(2003).General Survey of the reports concerning the Protection of Wages Convention (No. 95) and the Protection of Wages Recommendation (No. 85), 1949.91st International Labour Conference,Geneva:
  10. International Labor Organization (2017). How to define a minimum wage? From http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/wages/minimum-wages/definition/lang--en/index.htm
  11. International Labor Organization(2014).General Survey of the reports on the Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970 (No. 131), and the Minimum Wage Fixing Recommendation, 1970 (No. 135).103rd International Labour Conference,Geneva:
  12. International Labor Organization (2016). Minimum Wage Policy Guide. From http://www.ilo.org/global/docs/WCMS_508566/lang--en/index.htm
  13. International Labor Organization (2012). International Labor Organization Conference, on 25th March, 2012. From http://www.ilo.org/public/english/support/lib/resource/subject/salary.htm
  14. Jung, Taimyun(2011).The Minimum Wage System in Korea: An Introductory Guide.Korea Labor Institute.
  15. Marinakis, Andrés(2009).ILO Century Project working paperILO Century Project working paper,Geneva:International Labor Organization Office.
  16. Minimum Wage Commission, Republic of Korea (2018). Determination of minimum wage rates. From http://www.minimumwage.go.kr/eng/sub04.html
  17. Pan, Shin-wei(2001).Collective Bargaining in Taiwan-Between Market and Institution.Bulletin of Labour Research,10,55-84.
  18. Rycx, Francois,Kampelmann, Stephan(2012).,Brussels:European Trade Union.
  19. Schulten, Thorsten(2014).Minimum Wage Regimes in Europe and What Germany Can Learn from Them.Berlin:Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
  20. Varkkey, Biju,Korde, Rupa(2012).,Amsterdam:WageIndicator Foundation.
  21. 日本厚生勞動省(2018)。「中央最低賃金審議会」。2018年8月19日取自 https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi/shingi-tingin_127939.html
  22. 主計總處(2014a)。《國內生產與成本構成統計年報》。台北:主計總處。
  23. 主計總處(2014c)。《人力運用調查統計年報》。台北:主計總處。
  24. 主計總處(2015)。《人力運用調査統計年報》。台北:主計總處。
  25. 主計總處(2014b)。《薪資與生產力統計年報》。台北:主計總處。
  26. 全國工業總會(2013)。《2013工業總會白皮書議題辦理情形》。 2018年8月 19 日,取自 http://www.cnfi.org.tw/cnfi/2013-2.pdf
  27. 全國工業總會(2018).2018工業總會白皮書.
  28. 全國產業總工會(2016)。〈本會參與推動基本工資調整議題相關報導〉。2018 年 8 月 19 日取自 http://www.tctu.org.tw/front/bin/ptlist.phtml?Category=461571
  29. 林佳和(2015)。德國最低工資立法之啓示:問題、思考與行動。社區發展季刊,151,192-203。
  30. 張雅君與李志偉(2014)。〈淺談基本工資制度對我國民生經濟的影響〉。2016 年 7 月 6 取自http://seabiard.blogspot.tw/2014/05/blog-post_7810.html
  31. 陳熙文(2016)。〈最低工資法勞動部年底提案〉。《經濟日報》第四版。2016 年 7 月 5 日取自http://money.udn.com/story/5648/173009
  32. 勞動部(2014)。《勞動統計年報》。2016年4月9日取自http://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/year/year03/33010.htm
  33. 單驥(1988)。如何釐定我國基本工資。人文與社會科學期刊,1(1),15-40。
  34. 新加坡人力部(Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Government) (2018)。2018 年 8 月 19 日取自 http://stats.mom.gov.sg/Pages/Home.aspx
  35. 臺灣勞工陣線協會(2016)。〈勞陣要求提高基本工資並制定最低工資法〉。2016年7月 4 日取自 http://labor.ngo.tw/news/news-now/496-20160429
被引用次数
  1. 陳憶,陳柯玫(2022)。有工作,還是窮-我國工作貧窮因素之探討。逢甲人文社會學報,44,199-231。