题名

選擇注意力：選空間或選物體？

并列篇名

The Selection Basis of Visual Attention: Space-based or object-based??

作者

李仁豪(Jen-Hao Li)；葉素玲(Su-Ling Yeh)

关键词

選擇注意力 ； 空間為基 ； 物體為基 ； 忽略症 ； 探照燈模型 ； 伸縮鏡頭模型 ； selective attention ； space-based selection ； object-based selection ； neglect ； spotlight model ； zoom lens model

期刊名称

應用心理研究

卷期/出版年月

21期（2004 / 03 / 01）

页次

165 - 194

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

本文旨在整理回顧與評論選擇注意力(selective attention)的相關文獻與研究。內容主體分為三部分：一、探討選擇注意力的特性，包括為何有選擇注意力、在哪階段作用、以及如何作用等。二、探討注意力的選擇基礎，主要焦點在空間為基與物體為基的爭議，整理文獻中關於空間為基與物體為基兩陣營各自的行為、生理與神經心理學等證據。三、對當代空間為基與物體為基爭議提出作者的批判與整合觀點。
英文摘要

This article reviews and comments on important issues of selective attention. The text is divided into three parts: (1) the characteristics of selective attention, including why, where, and how, the selection occurs; (2) the basis of selection, especially, the space-based vs. object-based debate, including the behavioral, physiological, neuropsychological evidence for both sides; and (3) the critics and integrative views provided by the authors.
主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
参考文献
  1. Allport, D. A.(1971).Parallel encoding within and between elementary stimulus dimensions.Perception & Psychophysics,10,104-108.
  2. Allport, D. A.,D. E. Meyer,S. Kornblum (Eds.)(1993).Attention and performance XIV: Synergies in experimental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuroscience.Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
  3. Anderson, G. J.(1990).Focused attention in three-dimensional space.Perception & Psychophysics,47,112-120.
  4. Avrahami, J.(1999).Objects of attention, objects of perception.Perception & Psychophysics,61,1604-1612.
  5. Banks, W. P.,Prinzmetal, W.(1976).Configurational effects in visual information processing.Perception & Psychophysics,19,361-367.
  6. Baylis, G. C.,Driver, J.(1993).Visual attention and objects: Evidence for hierarchical coding of location.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,19,451-470.
  7. Baylis, G. C.,Driver, J.(1992).Visual parsing and response competition: The effect of grouping factors.Perception & Psychophysics,51,145-162.
  8. Behrmann, M.,Tipper, S. P.,C. Umilta,M. Moscovitch (Eds.)(1994).Attention and performance XV Conscious and nonconscious information processing.Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
  9. Biederman, I.(1987).Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding.Psychological Review,94,115-145.
  10. Brawn, P. T.,Snowden, R. J.(2000).Attention to overlapping objects: Detection and discrimination of luminance changes.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,26,342-358.
  11. Britten, K. H.(1996).Attention is everywhere.Nature,382,497-498.
  12. Broadbent, D.(1958).Perception and communication.London:Pergamon Press.
  13. Bundesen, C.(1991).Visual selection of features and objects: Is location special? A reinterpretation of Nissen`s (1985) findings.Perception & Psychophysics,50,87-89.
  14. Bushnell, M. C.,Goldberg, M. E.,Bobinson, D. L.(1981).Behavioral enhancement of visual responses in monkey cerebral cortex. I. Modulation in posterior parietal cortex related to selective visual attention.Journal of Neurophysiology,46,755-772.
  15. Castiello, U.,Umilta, C.(1990).Size of the attentional focus and efficiency of processing.Acta psychologica,73,195-209.
  16. Chaudhuri, A.(1990).Modulation of the motion aftereffect by selective attention.Nature,344,60-62.
  17. Corbetta, M.,Miezin, F. M.,Shulman, G. L.,Petersen, S. E.(1993).A PET study fo visuospatial attention.Journal of Neuroscience,13,1020-1226.
  18. Crick, F.(1984).Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypotheses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA,81,4586-4590.
  19. Crick, F.,Koch, C.(1990).Towards a neurobiological theory of consciousness.Seminals in the Neurosciences,2,263-275.
  20. Desimone, R.,Duncan, J.(1995).Neural mechanism of selective visual attention.Annual Review of Neuroscience,18,20-28.
  21. Driver, J.,Baylis, G. C.(1989).Movement and visual attention: The spotlight metaphor breaks down.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,15,448-456.
  22. Driver, J.,Baylis, G. C.,Goodrich, S.,Rafal, R. D.(1994).Axis-based neglect of visual shapes.Neuropsychologia,32,1353-1365.
  23. Duncan, J.(1984).Selective attention and the organization of visual information.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,113,501-517.
  24. Duncan, J.(1981).Directing attention in the visual field.Perception & Psychophysics,30,90-93.
  25. Duncan, J.,G. W. Humphreys,A. Treisman (Eds.)(1999).Attention, space, and action: Studies in cognitive neuroscience.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  26. Duncan, J.,Humphreys, G.,Ward, R.(1997).Competitive brain activity in visual attention.Current Opinion in Neurobiology,7,255-261.
  27. Egly, R.,Driver, J.,Rafal, R.D.(1994).Shifting visual attention between objects and location: Evidence from normal and parietal lesion subjects.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,123,161-177.
  28. Egly, R.,Homa, D.(1984).Sensitization of the visual field.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,10,778-793.
  29. Egly, R.,Rafal, R.,Driver, J.,Starrveveld, Y.(1994).Covert orienting in the split brain reveals hemispheric specialization for object-based attention.Psychological Science,5,380-383.
  30. Epstein, R.,Kanwisher, N.(1999).Repetition blindness for locations: evidence for automatic spatial coding in an RSVP task.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,25,1855-1866.
  31. Eriksen, B. A.,Eriksen, C. W.(1974).Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task.Perception & Psychophysics,16,143-149.
  32. Eriksen, C. W.,Hoffman, J. E.(1973).The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays.Perception & Psychophysics,14,155-160.
  33. Eriksen, C. W.,Hoffman, J. E.(1972).Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays.Perception & Psychophysics,12,201-204.
  34. Eriksen, C. W.,St. James, J. D.(1986).Visual attention within and around the field of focal attention: A zoom lens model.Perception & Psychophysics,40,225-240.
  35. Eriksen, C. W.,Yeh, Y-Y.(1985).Allocation of attention in the visual field.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,11,583-597.
  36. Farah, M. J.,Brunn, J. L.,Wong, A. B.,Wallace, M. A.,Carpenter, P. A.(1990).Frames of reference for allocating attention to space: Evidence from the neglect syndrome.Neuropsychologia,28,335-347.
  37. Fernandez-Duque, D.,Johnson, M. L.(1999).Attention metaphors: How metaphors guide the cognitive psychology of attention.Cognitive Science,23,83-116.
  38. Fink, G. R.,Dolan, R. J.,Halligan, P. W.,Marshall, J. C.,Frith, C. D.(1997).Space-based and object-based visual attention: shared and specific neural domains.Brain,120,2013-2028.
  39. Folk, C. L.,Remington, R. W.,Johnston, J. C.(1992).Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,18,1030-1044.
  40. Fox, E.(1998).Perceptual grouping and visual selective attention.Perception & Psychophysics,60,1004-1021.
  41. Guillery, R. W.,Feig, S. L.,Lozsadi, D. A.(1998).Paying attention to the thalamic reticular nucleus.Trends in Neuroscience,21,28-32.
  42. He, Z. J.,Nakayama, K.(1995).Visual attention to surfaces in three-dimensional space.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA,92,11155-11159.
  43. Heinze, H. J.,Luck, S. J.,Munte, T. F.,Gos, A.,Mangun, G. R.,Hillyard, S. A.(1994).Attention to adjacent and separate positions in space: An electrophysiological analysis.Perception & Psychophysics,56,42-52.
  44. Humphreys, G. W.(1981).On varying the span of visual attention: Evidence for two modes of spatial attention.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,33A,17-30.
  45. Humphreys, G. W.,Romani, C.,Olson, A.,Riddoch, M. J.,Duncan, J.(1994).Non-spatial extinction following lesions of the parietal lobe in humans.Nature,372,357-359.
  46. Ivry, R. B.,Robertson, L. C.(1998).The two sides of perception.Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
  47. James, W.(1890).Principles of psychology.New York:Holt.
  48. Jonides, J.,Yantis, S.(1988).Uniqueness of abrupt visual onset in capturing attention.Perception & Psychophysics,43,346-354.
  49. Juola, J. F.,Bouwhuis, D. G.,Cooper, E. E.,Warner, B.(1991).Control of attention around the fovea.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,17,125-141.
  50. Kahneman D.,Treisman, A.(1992).The reviewing of object files: object-specific integration of information.Cognitive Psychology,24,175-219.
  51. Kahneman, D.,Henik, A.,M. Kubovy,J. R. Pomerantz (Eds)(1981).Perceptual organization.Hillsdale, N.J.:Erlbaum.
  52. Kahneman, D.,Henik, A.,S. Dornic (Ed.)(1977).Attention and performance VI.Hillsdale, N.J.:Erlbaum.
  53. Kinsbourne, M.,M. Jeannerod (Ed.)(1987).Neurophysiological and neuropsychological aspects of spatial neglect.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
  54. Kinsbourne, M.,Robertson, I. H.,Marshall, J.C. (Eds.)(1993).Unilateral neglect: Clinical and experimental studies.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
  55. Kramer, A. F.,Jacobson, A.(1991).Perceptual organization and focused attention: The role of objects and proximity in visual processing.Perception & Psychophysics,50,267-284.
  56. Kramer, A. F.,Tham, M-P.,Yeh, Y-Y.(1991).Movement and focused attention: a failure to replicate.Perception & Psychophysics,50,537-546.
  57. Kramer, A. F.,Weber, T. A.,Watson, S. E.(1997).Object-based attentional selection-arrays or spatially invariant representations? Comment on Vecera and Farah(1994).Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,126,3-13.
  58. Krose, B. J. A.,Julesz, B.(1989).The control and speed of shifts of attention.Vision Research,29,1607-1619.
  59. Kustov, A. A.,Robinson, D. L.(1996).Shared neural control of attention shifts and eye movements.Nature,384,74-77.
  60. Kwak, H-W.,Dagenbach, D.,Egeth, H.(1991).Further evidence for a time-independent shift of the focus of attention.Perception & Psychophysics,49,473-480.
  61. LaBerge, D.(1995).Attention processing: The brain`s art of mindfulness.Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press.
  62. LaBerge, D.,Brown, V.(1989).Theory of attentional in shape identification.Psychological Review,96,101-124.
  63. LaBerge, D.,Brown, V.,Carter, M.,Bash, D.(1991).Reducing the effects of adjacent distractors by narrowing attention.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,17,65-76.
  64. LaBerge, D.,Carter, M.,Brown, V.(1992).A network simulation of thalamic circuit operations in selective attention.Neural Computation,4,318-331.
  65. Ladavas, E.(1987).Is the hemispatial deficit produced by right parietal lobe damage associated with retinal or gravitational coordinates.Brain,110,167-180.
  66. Ladavas, E.(1990).Selective spatial attention in patients with visual extinction.Brain,113,1527-1538.
  67. Lamb, M. R.,Yund, E. W.(2000).The role of spatial frequency in cued shifts of attention between global and local forms.Perception & Psychophysics,62,753-761.
  68. Lappin, J. S.(1967).Attention in the identification of stimuli in complex displays.Journal of Experimental Psychology,75,321-328.
  69. Lavie, N.(1995).Perceptual load as a necessary condition for selective attention.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,21,451-468.
  70. Lavie, N.,Driver, J.(1996).On the spatial extent of attention in object-based visual selection.Perception & Psychophysics,58,1238-1251.
  71. Lavie, N.,Tsal, Y.(1994).Perceptual load as a major determinant of the locus of selection in visual attention.Perception & Psychophysics,56,183-197.
  72. Li, J-L.,Yeh, S-L.(2002).Attentional capture without display-wide attentional setting: evidence from inattentional blindness.Perception (suppl.),31,79.
  73. Logan, G. D.(1996).The CODE theory of visual attention: an integration of space-based and object-based attention.Psychological Review,103,603-649.
  74. Macdonald, P. A.,Joordens, S.,Seergobin, K. N.(1999).Negative priming effects that are bigger than a breadbox: attention to distractors does nto eliminate negative priming, it enhances it.Memory & Cognition,27,197-207.
  75. Mack, A.,Tang, B.,Tuma, R.,Kahn, S.,Rock, I.(1992).Perceptual organization and attention.Cognitive Psychology,24,475-501.
  76. Mackeben, M.,Nakayama, K.(1993).Express attentional shifts.Vision Research,33,85-90.
  77. Mattingley, J. B.,Davis, G.,Driver, J.(1997).Preattentive filling-in of visual surfaces in parietal extinction.Science,275,671-674.
  78. Mattingley, J. B.,Husain, M.,Rorden, C.,Kennard, C.,Driver, J.(1998).Motor role of human inferior parietal lobe revealed in unilateral neglect patients.Nature,392,179-182.
  79. McLeod, P.,Driver, J.,Crisp, J.(1988).Visual search for a conjunction of movement and form is parallel.Nature,332,154-155.
  80. McPeek, R. M.,Maljkovic, V.,Nakayama, K.(1999).Saccades require focal attention and are facilitated by a short-term memory system.Vision Research,39,1555-1566.
  81. Milliken, B.,Joordens, S.,Merikle, P. M.,Seiffert, A. E.(1998).Selective attention: a reevaluation of the implications of negative priming.Psychological Review,105,203-229.
  82. Milner, A. D.,Goodale, M. A.(1995).The visual brain in action.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  83. Mishkin, M.,Ungerleider, L. G.,Macko, K. A.(1983).Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways.Trends in Neuroscience,6,414-417.
  84. Moore, C. M.,Egeth, H.(1997).Perception without attention: Evidence of grouping under conditions of inattention.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,23,339-352.
  85. Moran, J.,Desimone, K.(1985).Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex.Science,229,782-784.
  86. Motter, B. C.(1993).Focal attention produces spatially selective processing in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 in the presence of competing stimuli.Journal of Neurophysiology,70,909-919.
  87. Naatanen, R.(1992).Attention and Brain Function.Hillsdale, N.J.:L. Erlbaum.
  88. Neill, W. T.(1997).Episodic retrieval in negative priming and repetition priming.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,23,1291-1305.
  89. Neissen, M. J.,M. I. Posner,O. S. m. Marin (Eds)(1985).Attention and performance XI.Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
  90. Neisser, U.(1967).Cognitive psychology.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
  91. O`Craven, K. M.,Downing, P. E.,Kanwisher, N.(1999).fMRI evidence for objects and the units of attentional selection.Nature,401,584-587.
  92. Palmer, S.(1996).Late influences on perceptual grouping: Amodal completion.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,3,75-80.
  93. Palmer, S.,Rock I.(1994).Rethinking perceptual organization: the role of uniform connectedness.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,1,29-55.
  94. Parasuraman, R.(1998).The attentive brain (ed.).Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
  95. Park, J.,Kanwisher, N.(1994).Negative priming for spatial locations: identity mismatching, not distractor inhibition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,20,613-623.
  96. Pashler, H.(1998).The Psychology of Attention.Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
  97. Posner, M. I.(1978).Chronometric explorations of mind.Hillsdale, N.J.:Erlbaum.
  98. Posner, M. I.(1980).Orienting of attention.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,32,3-25.
  99. Posner, M. I.,Cohen, Y.,H. Bouma,D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.)(1984).Attention and performance X: Control of language processes.Hillsdale, N.J.:Erlbaum.
  100. Posner, M. I.,Cohen, Y.,Rafal, R. D.(1982).Neural systems control of spatial orienting.Proceedings of the Royal Society B (London),298,187-198.
  101. Posner, M. I.,Inhoff, A. W.,Friedrich, F. J.,Cohen, A.(1987).Isolating attentional systems: a cognitive-anatomical analysis.Psychobiology,15,107-121.
  102. Posner, M. I.,Snyder, C. R. R.,Davidson, B. J.(1980).Attention and the detection of signals.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,109,160-174.
  103. Posner, M. I.,Walker, J. A.,Friedrich, F. A.,Rafal, R. D.(1987).How do the parietal lobes direct covert attention?.Neuropsychologia,25,135-145.
  104. Pylyshyn, Z. W.(1999).Is vision continuous with cognition? The case for cognitive impenetrability of visual perception.Behavioral and Brain Sciences,22,341-423.
  105. Rafal, R. D.,Posner, M. I.(1987).Deficits in human visual spatial attention following thalamic lesions.Proceeding of the National Acadamic Science USA,84,7349-7353.
  106. Rafal, R. D.,Posner, M. I.,Friedman, J. H.,Inhoff, A. W.,Bernstein, E.(1988).Orienting of visual attention in progressive supanuclear palsy.Brain,111,267-280.
  107. Rees, G.,Frith, C. D.,Lavie, N.(1997).Modulating irrelevant motion perception by varying attentional load in an unrelated task.Science,278,1616-1618.
  108. Rees, G.,Russell, C.,Frith, C. D.,Driver, J.(1999).Inattentional blindness versus inattentional amnesia for fixated but ignored words.Science,286,2504-2507.
  109. Remington, R.,Pierce, L.(1984).Moving attention: Evidence for time-invariant shifts of visual selective attention.Perception & Psychophysics,35,393-399.
  110. Rizzolatti, G.,Riggio, L.,Sheliga, B. M.,C. Umilta,M. Moscovitch (Eds.)(1994).Attention and performance XIV: Conscious and nonconscious processing and cognitive functioning.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.
  111. Robertson, I. H.,Halligan, P. W.(1999).Spatial neglect: A clinical handbook for diagnosis and treatment.Hove:Psychology.
  112. Roelfsema, P. R.,Lamme, V. A. F.,Spekreijse, H.(1998).Object-based attention in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey.Nature,395,376-380.
  113. Shaw, M. L.,H. Bouma,D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.)(1984).Attention and performance X: Control of language processes.Hillsdale, N.J.:L. Erlbaum Associates.
  114. Sheliga, B. M.,Riggio, L.,Rizzolatti, G.(1995).Spatial attention and eye movements.Experimental Brain Research,105,261-275.
  115. Shulman, G. L.,Remington, R. W.,Mclean, J. P.(1979).Moving attention through visual space.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,5,522-526.
  116. Shulman, G. L.,Wilson, J.,Sheehy, J. B.(1985).Spatial determinants of the distribution of attention.Perception & Psychophysics,37,59-65.
  117. Singer, W.,Gray, C. W.(1995).Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis.Annual Review of Neuroscience,18,555-586.
  118. Singer, W.,R. R. Llinas,P. S. Churchland (Eds.)(1996).The mind-brain continuum: Sensory processes.Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press.
  119. Spitzer, H.,Desimone, R.,Moran, J.(1988).Increased attention enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance.Science,240,338-340.
  120. Steinman, S. B.,Steinman, B. A.(1998).Vision and attention I: Current models of visual attention.Optometry and Vision Science,75,146-155.
  121. Styles, E. A.(1997).The psychology of attention.Hove, East Sussex, UK:Psychology Press.
  122. Tanaka(1993).Neuronal Mechanisms of object recognition.Science,262,685-688.
  123. Theeuwes, J.(1994).Stimulus-driven capture and attentional set: Selective search for color and visual abrupt onsets.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,20,799-806.
  124. Theeuwes, J.,Kramer, A. F.,Atchley, P.(1999).Attentional effects on preattentive vision: Spatial precues affect the detection of simple features.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,25,341-347.
  125. Tipper, S. P.(1985).The negative priming effects: Inhibitory priming by ignored objects.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,37A,571-590.
  126. Tipper, S. P.,Driver, J.,Weaver, B.(1991).Object-centered inhibition of return of visual attention.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,43,289-298.
  127. Treisman, A.(1988).Features and objects: The fourteen Bartlett memorial lecture.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,40A,201-237.
  128. Treisman, A.(1969).Strategies and models of selective attention.Psychological Review,76,282-299.
  129. Treisman, A.(1996).Binding problem.Current Opinion in Neurobiology,6,171-178.
  130. Treisman, A.(Eds.),G. W. Humphreys,J. Duncan(1999).Attention, space, and action: Studies in cognitive neuroscience.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  131. Treisman, A.,A. Baddeley,L. Weiskrantz (Eds.)(1993).Attention: Selection, awareness, and control: A tribute to Donald Broadbent.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
  132. Treisman, A.,Gelade, G.(1980).A feature-integration theory of attention.Cognitive Psychology,12,97-136.
  133. Treisman, A.,Kahneman, D.,Burkell, J.(1983).Perceptual objects and the cost of filtering.Perception & Psychophysics,33,527-532.
  134. Treisman, A.,Schmidt, H.(1982).Illusory conjunction in the perception of objects.Cognitive Psychology,14,107-141.
  135. Treue, S.,Maunsell, H. R.(1996).Attentional modulation of visual motion processing in cortical areas MT and MST.Nature,9,523-530.
  136. Tsal, Y.(1994).Effects of attention on perception of features and figural organisation.Perception,23,441-452.
  137. Tsal, Y.(1983).Movements of attention across the visual field.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,9,523-530.
  138. Tsal, Y.,Lavie, N.(1993).Location dominance in attending to color and shape.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,19,131-139.
  139. Ungerleider, L. G.,Haxby, J. V.(1994).`what` and `where` in the human brain.Current Opinion in Neurobiology,4,157-165.
  140. Usai, M. C.,Umilta, C.,Nicoletti, R.(1995).Limits in controlling the focus of attention.European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,7,411-439.
  141. Van der Haijden, A. H. C.(1992).Selective attention in vision.New York:Routledge.
  142. Van der Haijden, A. H. C.,Kurvind, A. G.,De Lange, L.,De Leeuw, F.,Van der Geest, J. N.(1996).Attending to color with proper fixation.Perception & Psychophysics,58,1224-1237.
  143. Vecera, S. P.(1994).Grouped locations and object-based attention: Comment on Egly, Driver, and Rafal (1994).Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,123,316-320.
  144. Vecera, S. P.,Farah, M. J.(1994).Does visual attention select objects or locations?.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,123,146-160.
  145. Vidyasagar, T. R.(1999).A neuronal model of attentional spotlight: Parietal guiding the temporal.Brain Research Review,30,66-76.
  146. Walley, R. E.,Waiden, T. D.(1973).Lateral inhibition and cognitive masking: A neuropsychological theory of attention.Psychological Review,80,284-302.
  147. Wandell, B. A.(1995).Foundations of vision.Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates.
  148. Watson, S. E.,Kramer, A. F.(1999).Object-based visual selective attention and perceptual organization.Perception & Psychophysics,61,31-49.
  149. Wilson, F. A. W.,O Scalaidhe, S. P.,Goldman-Rakic, P. S.(1993).Dissociation of object and spatial processing domains in primate prefrontal cortex.Science,260,1955-1958.
  150. Wolfe, J. M.,Cave, K. R.,Franzel, S. L.(1989).Guide search: An alternative to the feature integration model for visual search.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,15,419-433.
  151. Yantis, S.(1993).Stimulus-driven attentional capture and attentional control settings.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,19,676-681.
  152. Yantis, S.,Hillstorm, A. P.(1994).Stimulus-driven attentional capture: Evidence from equiluminant visual objects.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,20,95-107.
  153. Yeh, S-L.,Chen, I-P.,De Valois, K. K.,De Valois, R. L.(1996).Figural aftereffects and spatial attention.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,22,446-460.
  154. Yeshurun, Y.,Carrasco, M.(1998).Attention improves or impairs visual performance by enhancing spatial resolution.Nature.
  155. Yeshurun, Y.,Carrasco, M.(1999).Spatial attention improves performance in spatial resolution tasks.Vision Research,39,293-306.
  156. 陳上文(1998)。博士論文(博士論文)。中正大學心理學研究所。
被引用次数
  1. 戴基峯、詹永承、董和昇、徐淑如(2017)。從選擇性注意力觀點探討產品置入型態與遊戲平台之廣告效果。中山管理評論，25(2)，489-534。
  2. 劉効樺,陳怡真(2022)。穴位電刺激對注意力網絡功能的影響。應用心理研究，76，83-125。
  3. 邱淑惠,王譽樺(2019)。家長和幼兒科技產品使用現況與幼兒專注力之關聯。幼兒教育年刊，30，119-137。
  4. 葉品陽、粘晶菁、陳彰惠、吳景寬(2014)。使用大腦神經科學協助教師改善單純注意力缺乏兒童的學習問題。特殊教育季刊，131，13-21。
  5. 葉素玲、李仁豪(2005)。一心一意或三心二意？視覺注意力的統整性。應用心理研究，25，143-178。
print cancel