青少女身體活動及其相關決定因素之探討：應用健康促進模式

Physical Activity and Its Determinants among Female Adolescents: An Application of the Health Promotion Model

馮木蘭(Mu-Lan Feng)；卓俊伶(Hank J. L. Jwo)；吳姿瑩(Tsu-Yin Wu)

健康促進模式 ； 身體活動 ； 特定行為的認知 ； Health Promotion Model ； physical activity ； behavior-specific cognition

應用心理研究

42期（2009 / 06 / 01）

163 - 186

繁體中文

本研究以「健康促進模式」為基礎，探討「青少女身體活動」的相關決定因素，並希望透過研究發現，體育教師能更瞭解他們學生身體活動的行為，且有效促進其採取動態的生活型式。本研究採用「兒童／青少年活動計量表」、「情意反應量表」、「社會支持量表」、「自我效能量表」、「知覺利益量表」、「知覺障礙量表」及「和當時行為競爭需求量表」，進行資料蒐集。量表內容內部一致性之Cronbach α係數範圍在.76至.92之間。以方便取樣選取台灣北部某兩所職業學校及兩所高中的女學生進行調查，有效問卷共501份。所得資料以「皮爾遜積差相關」和「徑路分析」進行分析。結果發現：(1)「自我效能」對「青少女身體活動」的直接預測力達統計上的顯著水準；「社會支持」、「情意反應」、「知覺利益」、「知覺障礙」及「和當時行為競爭的需求」的預測力，未達統計上的顯著水準；(2)「社會支持」和「情意反應」透過「自我效能變項」間接預測身體活動的效果，達統計上顯著水準。「社會支持」和「情意反應」透過其它變項的間接預測力，則未達統計上的顯著水準。由此可見「自我效能」是身體活動最重要的影響因素；「社會支持」和「情意反應」可透過「自我效能」間接影響身體活動。因此，在設計身體活動促進方案時，應該將「社會支持」、「正面情意反應」和「自我效能」當做介入變項，納入推廣青少女身體活動行為的考量。

To investigate physical activity and its determinants among female adolescents based on Pender's Health Promotion Model. With study findings, physical education teachers can better understand the behavior of physical activity for their students and effectively promote lifestyles. The sample consisted of 501 students from two senior high schools and two vocational high schools located in northern Taiwan. Self-administered survey including Child/Adolescent Activity Log, and measures of Affective Response, Social Support, Self-efficacy, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, and Competing Demands Scale. The internal consistency of Cronbach's for the measures range from .76 to .92. Pearson's correlations and path analyses also were used. The direct and indirect paths between cognition variables and physical activity were tested. Results showed that self-efficacy had significant direct effect on physical activity; while social support, affective response, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers did not. (2) Social support and affective response had significant indirect effect on physical activity mediating through self-efficacy. In conclusion, Self-efficacy had strong influences for physical activity both directly and indirectly. Social support and affective response can predict physical activity indirectly through self-efficacy. The study findings suggest that in order to design and implement effective programs to promote physical activity level among female adolescents, social support, positive affective response, and self-efficacy can be considered as intervening variables..

1. 鍾志強(2000)。大學生之運動社會支持研究。體育學報，28，101-110。
   連結：
2. Anderssen, N.,Wold, B.(1992).Parental and peer influences on leisure-time physical activity in young adolescents.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,63,341-348.
3. Bandura, A.(1986).Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
4. Becker, M. H.,Maiman, B.A.(1975).Sociobehavioral determinants of compliance with health and medical care recommendations.Medical Care,13,10-24.
5. Brownell, K. D.,Stunkard, A. J.,Albaum, J. M.(1980).Evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment.American Journal of Psychiatry,137,1540-1545.
6. Bungum, T. J.,Vincent, M. L.(1997).Determinants of physical activity among female adolescents.American Journal of Preventive Medicine,13,115-122.
7. Dishman, R. K.,Sallis, J. F.,Orenstein, D. R.(1985).The determinants of physical activity and exercise.Public Health Reports,100,158-171.
8. Epstein, L. H.,Smith, J. A.,Vare, L. S.,Rodefer, J. S.(1991).Behavior economic analysis of activity choice in obese children.Health Psychology,10,311-316.
9. Faulkner, R. A.,Slattery C. M.(1990).The relationship of physical activity to alcohol consumption in youth 15-16 years of age.Canada Journal of Public Health,71,168.
10. Garcia, A. W.,George, T. R.,Coviak, C.,Antonakos, C.,Pender, N. J.(1997).Development of the child/adolescent activity log: A comprehensive and feasible measure of leisure-time physical activity.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,4,323-338.
11. Garcia, A. W.,Norton, M. A.,Frenn, M.,Coviak, C.,Pender, N. J.,Ronis, D. L.(1995).Gender and developmental differences in exercise beliefs among youth and prediction of their exercise behavior.Journal of School Health,65,213-219.
12. Gauvin, L.,Rejeski, W. J.(1993).The exercise-induced feeling inventory: Development and initial validation.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,15,403-423.
13. Greendorfer, S. L.,Lewko, J. H.(1978).Role of family member in sport socialization of children.Research Quarterly,49,146-150.
14. Hofstctter, C. R.,Hovell, M. F.,Sallis, J. F.(1990).Social learning correlates of exercise self-efficacy: Early experiences with physical activity.Social Science Medicine,31,1169-1179.
15. Malina, R. M.(1996).Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,67,48-57.
16. McAuley, E.,Courneya, K. S.(1992).Self-efficacy relationships with affective and exertion responses to exercise.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,22,312-326.
17. Noland, M. P.,Feldman, R. H. L.(1984).Factors related the leisure exercise behavior of 'returning' women college students.Health Education,15,32-36.
18. Novell, M.,Sallis, J.,Hofstetter, R.,Barrington, E.,Hackley, M.,Elder, J.,Castor, F.,Kilbourne, K.(1991).Identification of correlates on physical activity among Latino adults.Journal of Community Health,16,23-36.
19. Pender, N. J.(1996).Health promotion in nursing practice.Norwalk, CT:Appleton-Century-Crofts.
20. Sallis, J. F.,Hovell, M. F.(1990).Determinants of exercise behavior.Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,18,307-330.
21. Sallis, J. F.,Hovell, M. F.,Hofstetter, C. R.,Faucher, P.,Elder, J. P.,Blanchard, J.,Caspersen, C. J.,Powell, K. E.,Christenson, G.M.(1989).Amultivariate study of determinants of vigorous exercise in a community sample.Preventive Medicine,18,20-34.
22. Sallis, J. F.,Hovell,.M. F.,Hofstetter, C. R.,Barrington, E.(1992).Explanation of vigorous physical activity during two years using social learning variables.Social Science and Medicine,34,25-32.
23. Sinnail, S. D.,Valois, R. F.,Mckeown, R. E.,Saunders, R. P.,Pate, R. R.(1995).Relationship between physical activity level and cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and marijuana use among public high school adolescents.Journal of School Health,65,438-439.
24. Stucky-Ropp, R. C.,DiLorenzo, T. M.(1993).Determinants of exercise in children.Preventive Medicine,22,880-889.
25. Sullum, J.,Clark, M. M.,King, T. K.(2000).Predictors of exercise relapse in a college population.Journal of American College Health,48,175-181.
26. Theodrakis, Y.,Doganis, G.,Bagiatis, K.,Gorthas, M.(1991).Preliminary study of the ability of reasoned action model in predicting exercise behavior of young children.Perceptual and Motor Skills,72,51-58.
27. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services(1997).Healthy people 2010: National health promotion and disease prevention objectives.Washington, DC:U.S. Government Promotion Office.
28. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services(1996).Physical activity and health: A report of the Surgeon General.Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
29. Wallace, L. S.,Buckworth, J.,Kirby, T. E.,Sherman, W. M.(2000).Characteristics of exercise behavior among college students: Application of cognitive theory to predicting stage of change.Preventive Medicine,31,492-505.
30. Walton, J.,Hoerr, S.,Heine, L.,Forst, S.,Roisen, D.,Berkimer, M.(1999).Physical activity and stages of change in fifth and sixth graders.Journal of School Health,69,285-289.
31. Willis, D. J.,Campbell, L. F.(1992).Exercise psychology.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
32. Wu, T. Y.,Jwo, J. L.(2005).A prospective study on change of cognitions, interpersonal influences, and physical activity in Taiwanese youth.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,76,1-10.
33. Wu, T. Y.,Pender, N.(2002).Determinants of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: An application of the health promotion model.Research in Nursing & Health,25,25-36.
34. Wu, T. Y.,Pender, N.,Noureddine, S.(2003).Gender differences in psychosocial and cognitive correlates of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: A structural equation modeling approach.International Journal of Behavioral Medicine,10,93-105.
35. Wu, T. Y.,Ronis, D. L.,Pender, N.,Jwo, J. L.(2002).Development of questionnaires to measure physical activity cognitions among Taiwanese adolescents.Preventive Medicine,35,54-64.
36. Yordy, G. A.,Lent, R. W.(1993).Predicting aerobic exercise participation: Social cognitive, reasoned action, and planned behavior models.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,15,363-374.
37. Zakarain, J. M.,Hovell, M. F.,Hofstetter, C. R.,Sallis, J. F.,Keating, K. J.(1994).Correlates of vigorous exercise in a predominantly low SES and minority high school population.Preventive Medicine,23,314-321.
38. 吳姿瑩、卓俊伶(1998)。健康促進模式與健身運動促進。中華體育季刊，12(1)，51-62。
39. 吳姿瑩、卓俊伶、馮木蘭(2001)。青少年身體活動及其與人際預測、認知變項及和當時行爲競爭需求之關聯性分析：健康促進模式之應用。大專體育學刊，3(1)，39-53。
40. 李彩華、方進隆(1998)。國中學生身體活動量與體適能相關因素研究。體育學報，25，139-148。
41. 教育部(2002)。中華民國教育統計。台北:教育部。
42. 黃毓華、邱啓潤(1997)。高雄地區大學生健康促進生活型態之預測因子。中華公共衛生雜誌，16(1)，24-36。
43. 劉翠薇、黃淑貞(1999)。北縣某商專運動行爲及其預測因素之研究。學校衛生，34，1-32。
44. 鍾志強(2000)。運動自我效能對大學生運動的預測。科技學刊，9(1)，59-80。

1. 何冠霖(2017)。民眾下載健康存摺資料影響因素之實證研究。義守大學醫務管理學系學位論文。2017。1-95。