题名

漢字辨識理論模型中的部件表徵

并列篇名

Radical Representation in Models of Chinese Character Recognition

作者

陳奕全(Yi-Chuan Chen)；葉素玲(Su-Ling Yeh)

关键词

部首 ； 聲旁 ； 形聲字 ； 部件位置 ； 漢字辨識模型 ； semantic ； phonetic ； compound ； component position ； Chinese character recognition model

期刊名称

應用心理研究

卷期/出版年月

43期（2009 / 09 / 01）

页次

177 - 205

内容语文

繁體中文
中文摘要

漢字對照於歐美研究主體的英文，可用以檢驗通用閱讀理論的適切性，其中尤以漢字「字中有字」的巢套式結構為字詞辨識理論的重要挑戰。本文旨在探討漢字辨識歷程中部件所扮演的角色，回顧並評論下列重要議題：整字與部件孰為漢字辨識的基本單元、部件表徵是否攜帶位置與表義或表音的功能、以及聲旁如何影響整字的讀音等。文末並提出部件是否必然介入漢字辨識歷程的單路徑與雙路徑模型，用以整合目前的研究證據並提供未來研究的方向。
英文摘要

Compared to English that are largely used as stimulus materials in developing word recognition models, Chinese characters provide the best contrast to test the adequacy of general models of word recognition. In this article, critical reviews on the role of radicals in Chinese character recognition and several important models are provided. The following issues are discussed: whether characters or radicals are the basic recognition units, what information (i.e., position or function) is carried by radicals during character recognition, and the role of phonetic radical in the pronunciation of character. In the end, a single-route model and a dual-route model as to whether radical representation is necessary for models of Chinese character recognition are proposed to serve as a theoretical framework for the evidence provided so far.
主题分类 社會科學 > 心理學
参考文献
  1. Chen, M. J.,Weekes, B. S.(2004).Effects of semantic radicals on Chinese character categorization and character decision.Chinese Journal of Psychology,46,181-196.
    連結：
  2. Liu, I. M.,Chen, S. C.,Sue, I. R.(2003).Regularity and consistency effects in Chinese character naming.Chinese Journal of Psychology,45,29-46.
    連結：
  3. Yeh, S. L.,Chang, H. C.,Chen, I. P.,Lee C. Y.(2003).Prelexical phonology by low spatial frequency channels?.Chinese Journal of Psychology,45,11-27.
    連結：
  4. Chen, H. C.,Shu, H.(2001).Lexical activation during the recognition of Chinese characters: Evidence against early phonological activation.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,8,511-518.
  5. Chen, Y. P.,Allport, D. A.(1995).Attention and Lexical Decomposition in Chinese Word Recognition: Conjunctions of Form and Position Guide Selective Attention.Visual Cognition,2,235-268.
  6. Chen, Y. P.,Allport, D. A.,Marshall, J. C.(1996).What are the functional orthographic units in Chinese word recognition? The stroke or stroke pattern?.The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (A),49,1024-1043.
  7. Chua, F. K.(1999).Phonological recoding in Chinese logogragh recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,25,876-891.
  8. Coltheart, M.,A. Kennedy (Eds.),R. Radach (Eds.),D. Heller (Eds.),J. Pynte (Eds.)(2000).Reading as a perceptual process.Amsterdam:Elsevier.
  9. Coltheart, M.,Curtis, B.,Atkins, P.,Haller, M.(1993).Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches.Psychological Review,100,589-608.
  10. Coltheart, M.,G. Underwood (Ed.)(1978).Strategies of information processing.San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
  11. Ding, G.,Peng, D.,Taft, M.(2004).The nature of the mental representation of radicals in Chinese: A priming study.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,30,530-539.
  12. Ding, G.,Taft, M.,Zhu, X.(2000).The representation of radicals that can be used as characters.Acta Psychologica Sinica,32,21-26.
  13. Fang, S. P.,Horng, R. Y.,Tzeng, O.,H. S. R. Kao (Eds.),R. H. Hoosain (Eds.)(1986).Linguistics, psychology and the Chinese language.Hong Kong:University of Hong Kong Press.
  14. Fang, S. P.,Wu, P.(1989).Illusory conjunction in the perception of Chinese characters.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,15,434-447.
  15. Feldman, L. B.,Sick, W. W. T.(1999).Seamntic Radicals Contribute to the Visual Identification of Chinese Characters.Journal of Memory and Language,40,559-576.
  16. Feldman, L. B.,Siok, W. W. T.(1997).The Role of Component Function in Visual Recognition of Chinese Character.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,23,776-781.
  17. Feldman, L. B.,Siok, W. W. T.,J. Wang (Eds.),A. W. Inhoff (Eds.),H. C. Chcn (Eds.)(1999).Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis.Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrance Erlbaum Associates.
  18. Flores d''Arcais, G. B.,Saito, H.,Kawakami, M.(1995).Phonological and semantic activation in reading Kanji characters.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,21,34-42.
  19. Han, Z.,Bi, Y.,Shu, H.,Weekes, B. S.(2005).The interaction between semantic and sublexical routes in reading: Converging evidence form Chinese.Brain & Language,95,235-236.
  20. Harm, M. W.,Seidenberg, M. S.(2004).Computing the meanings of words in reading: Cooperative division of labor between visual and phonological processes.Psychological Review,111,662-720.
  21. Hochstein, S.,Ahissar, M.(2002).View from the top: Hierarchies and reverse hierarchies in the visual system.Neuron,36,791-804.
  22. Huang, J.-T.,Wang, M.-Y.,H-C. Chen (Eds.),O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds.)(1992).Language processing in Chinese.Amsterdam:North-Holland.
  23. Hue, C. W.,H.-C. Chen (Eds.),O. S. L. Tzeng (Eds.)(1992).Language processing in Chinese.Amsterdam:North-Holland.
  24. Kanwisher, N.(1987).Repetition blindness: type recognition without token individuation.Cognition,27,117-143.
  25. Leck, K. J.,Weekes, B. S.,Chen, M. J.(1995).Visual and phonological pathways to the lexicon: Evidence from Chinese readers.Menory and Cognition,23,468-476.
  26. Lee, C.-Y.,Tsai, J.-L.,Kuo, W.-J.,Yeh, Z.-C.,Wu, Y.-T.,Ho, L.-T.,Hung, D. L.,Tzeng, O. J. L.,Hsieh(2004).Neuronal correlates of consistency and frequency effects on Chinese character naming: an event-related fMRI study.Neurolmage,23,1235-1245.
  27. Lee, C.-Y.,Tsai, J.-L.,Su, E. C.-I,Tzeng, O. J. L.,Hung, D. L.(2005).Consistency, regularity, and frequency effects in naming Chinese characters.Language and Linguistics,6,75-107.
  28. Lee, C.-Y.,Tsai, L-L.,Chan, W.-H.,Hsu, C.-H.,Hung, D. L.,Tzeng, O. J. L.(2007).Temporal dynamics of the consistency effect in reading Chinese: an event-related potentials study.NeuroReport,18,147-151.
  29. Li, H.,Chen, H.-C.(1999).Radical processing in Chinese character recognition: evidence from lexical decision.Psychology,42,199-208.
  30. Liu, I. M.,Wu, J. T.,Chon, T. L.(1996).Encoding operation and transcoding as the major loci of the frequency effect.Cognition,59,149-168.
  31. McClelland, J. L.,Rumelhart, D. E.(1981).An interactive activation model of context effect in hitter perception: Part I. an account of basic findings.Psychological Review,88,375-407.
  32. Norman, C. A.,Bobrow, D. G.(1975).On data-limited and resource-limited processes.Cognitive Psychology,7,44-64.
  33. Perfetti, C. A.,Liu, Y.,Tan, L. H.(2005).The lexical constituency model: Some implications of research on Chinese for general theories of reading.Psychological Review,112,43-59.
  34. Perfetti, C. A.,Tan, L. H.(1998).The time course of graphic, phonological, and semantic activation in Chinese character identification.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,24,101-118.
  35. Perfetti, C. A.,Tan, L. H.,J. Wang (Eds.),A.W. Inhoff (Eds.),H.C. Chen (Eds.)(1999).Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis.Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  36. Perfetti, C. A.,Zhang, S.(1991).Phonological processes in reading Chinese characters.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,17,633-643.
  37. Plant, D. C.,McClelland, J. L.,Seidenberg, M. S.,Patterson, K.(1996).Understanding normal and impaired word reading: computational principles in quasi-regular domains.Psychological Review,103,56-115.
  38. Saito, H.,Masuda, H.,Kawakami, M.(1999).Subword activation in reading Japanese single Kanji Chinese words.Brain & Language,68,75-81.
  39. Saito, H.,Masuda, H.,Kawakami, M.(1998).Form and sound similarity effects in kanji recognition.Reading and Writing: An interdisciplinary Journal,10,323-357.
  40. Santee, J. L.,Egeth, H. E.(1982).Do reaction tine and accuracy measure the same aspects of letter recognition?.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,8,489-501.
  41. Seidenberg, M. S.(1985).The time course of phonological code activation in two writing systems.Cognition,19,1-30.
  42. Seidenberg, M. S.,McClelland, J. L.(1989).A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.Psychological Review,96,523-568.
  43. Shu, H.,Anderson, R. C.,Wu, N.(2000).Phonetic awareness: Knowledge of orthography-phonology relationships in the character acquisition of Chinese children.Journal of Educational Psychology,92,56-62.
  44. Shu, H.,Chen, X.,Anderson, R. C.,Wu, N.,Xuan, Y.(2003).Properties of school Chinese: Implications for learning to read.Child Development,74,27-47.
  45. Shu, H.,Wu, N.,P. Li (Eds.),L. H. Tan (Eds.),B. Bates (Eds.),O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds.)(2006).The handbook of east asian psycholinguistics, Vol. 1: Chinese.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  46. Stroop, J. R.(1935).Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.Journal of Experimental Psychology,18,643-622.
  47. Taft, M.,P. Li (Eds.),L. H. Tan (Eds.),E. Bates (Eds.),O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds.)(2006).The handbook of East Asian psycholinguistics, Vol. 1: Chinese.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  48. Taft, M.,Zhu, X.(1997).Submorphemic Processing in Chinese.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,23,761-775.
  49. Taft, M.,Zhu, X.,Ding, G.(2000).The relationship between character and radical representation in Chinese.Acta Psychologica Sintca,32,3-12.
  50. Taft, M.,Zhu, X.,Peng, D.(1999).Positional Specificity of Radicals in Chinese Character Recognition.Journal of Memory and Language,40,498-519.
  51. Tan, L. H.,Perfetti, C. A.(1997).Visual Chinese character recogntition: Does phonological information mediate access to meaning?.Journal of Memory and Language,37,41-57.
  52. Tan, L. H.,Spinks, J.A.,Eden, G.,Perfetti, C. A.,Siok, W. T.(2005).Reading depends on writing in Chinese.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,102,8781-8785.
  53. Tsai, J.-L.,Lee, C-Y.,Tzeng, O. J. L.,Hung, D. L.,Yen N. S.(2004).Use of phonological codes for Chinese characters: Evidence from processing of parafoveal preview when reading sentences.Brain & Language,91,235-244.
  54. Tzeng, O. J. L.,Lin, Z. H.,Hung, D. L.,Lee, W. L.,B. de Odder (Eds.),J. Morais (Eds.)(1995).Speech and reading: A comparative approach.Erlbaum:Taylor & Francis.
  55. Yeh, S. L.(2000).Structure detection of Chinese characters: visual search slope as an index of similarity between different-structured characters.Chinese Journal of Psychology,42,191-216.
  56. Yeh, S. L.,Li, J. L.(2002).The role of structure and component in judgments of visual similarity of Chinese characters.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,28,933-947.
  57. Yeh, S. L.,Li, J. L.(2004).Sublexical processing in visual recogntition of Chinese characters: Evidence from repetition blindness for subcharacter components.Brain & Language,88,47-53.
  58. Yeh, S. L.,Li, J. L.,Chen, K. M.(1999).Classification of the shapes Of Chinese characters: verification by different pre-designated categories and varied sample sizes.Chinese Journal of Psychology,41,65-85.
  59. Yeh, S. L.,Li, J. L.,Takeuchi, T.,Sun, V. C.,Liu, W. R.(2003).The role of leaning experience on the perceptual organization of Chinese characters.Visual Cognition,10,729-764.
  60. Zhou, X.,Marslen-Wilson, W.(1999).The nature of sublexical processing in reading Chinese characters.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition,25,819-837.
  61. Zhou, X.,Marslen-Wilson, W.(1999).Phonology, orthography, and semantic activation in reading Chinese.Journal of Memory and Language,41,579-606.
  62. Zhou, X.,Marslen-Wilson, W.,J. Wang (Eds.),A.W. Inhoff (Eds.),H.C. Chen (Eds.)(1999).Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis.Mahwah New Jersey:Lawrance Erlbaum Associates.
  63. Zhu, X.,Taft, M.,H.-W. Chang (Eds.),J.-T. Huang (Eds.),C.-W. Hue (Eds.),O. J. L. Tzeng (Eds.)(1994).Advances in the study of Chinese language processing.Taipei:Department of Psychology National Taiwan University.
  64. 吳瑞屯、陳欣進(2000)。中文辨識與念字作業中字音字義促發效果的比較分析。中華心理學刊，42，65-86。
  65. 國語小字典
  66. 陳烜之(1984)。閱讀中文時對部件偵測的歷程。中華心理學刊，26，29-34。
  67. 喻柏林、馮玲、曹河圻、李文玲(1990)。漢字的視知覺－知覺任務效應和漢字屬性效應。心理學報，22，141-147。
  68. 舒華、周曉林、武寧寧(2000)。兒童漢字讀音聲旁一致性意識的發展。心理學報，32，164-169。
  69. 葉素玲、李金鈴、陳一平(1997)。中文的字形分類系統。中華心理學刊，39，47-74。
  70. 葉素玲、林怡慧、李金鈴(2004)。中文字形結構在國小學生字形相似性判斷所扮演的角色。教育心理研究，27，93-115。
  71. 鄭昭明(1981)。漢字認知的歷程。中華心理學刊，23，137-153。
  72. 鄭昭明、吳淑杰、H.-W. Chang Eds、J.-T. Huang Eds、C.-W. Hue Eds、O. J. L. Tzeng Eds(1994)。Advances in the study of Chinese language processing。Taipei:Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University。
被引用次数
  1. Lee, Shu-Hui,Hung, Kuo-Chung,Chou, Tai-Li(2014).A Longitudinal Study of Association Strength and Semantic Transparency in Semantic Processing of Chinese Characters in Children.中華心理學刊,56(1),1-11.
  2. 曾思軒,吳純慧(2022)。結合平板電腦運用部件識字策略對提升國小低視力學生書寫效能之研究。特教論壇，33，1-26。
  3. 陳修元、洪國鈞、周泰立、李姝慧(2010)。語意部件與關聯強度對成人與國小五年級孩童漢字語意處理效應的差異。中華心理學刊，52(3)，327-344。
  4. 陳學志、張雨霖、吳清麟、吳哲源(2016)。「中文部件組字遠距聯想測驗」之發展與其信效度研究。測驗學刊，63(1)，59-81。
  5. 蘇宜芬、李孟峰(2018)。臺灣國民小學國語課本生字於心理語言學特性之研究。教育心理學報，49(4)，637-662。
  6. 楊馥菱、吳瑞屯(2014)。漢字辨識作業中部首相同促發字的形似抑制效果。中華心理學刊，56(1)，49-63。
print cancel