表達性書寫用於高中作文課程以發展學生自我概念與寫作能力：以台灣中部某高中爲例

The Use of Expressive Writing in Composition Course to Develop Students' Self-Concept and Writing Ability: A Study of a High School in Central Taiwan

呂旭亞(Shiu-Ya Liuh)；洪秀萍(Hsiu-Ping Hung)；詹美涓(Mei-Chuan Chan)；杜佳真(Chia-Chen Tu)

自我概念 ； 行動研究 ； 青少年 ； 表達性藝術治療 ； 表達性書寫 ； 高中作文課程 ； action research ； adolescent ； expressive art therapy ； expressive writing ； high school composition courses ； self-concept

應用心理研究

44期（2009 / 12 / 01）

85 - 126

繁體中文

本研究透過行動研究來了解是否表達性藝術治療與作文課程結合，可促進青少年自我之概念、同儕人際互動、與作文能力。本研究在台灣中部某高中二年級國文課的作文時間中進行四次以自我概念相關主題之表達性書寫，並於高三上學期，請學生以書寫的方式回顧此活動對他們的意義與收獲。研究結果的評估以四項資料為根據：大學學測國文成績、學生書寫文本、學生對活動之回顧、以及研究小組之觀察紀錄。結果發現表達性書寫在提供青少年情緒表達、個人自我感的提升上有極好的效果，對人際互動、班級凝聚力與認同感都有助益。學生因書寫而喜歡閱讀，文字感增加，想像力與創造力之能力提升。這些結果也反映在大學學測的作文成績，躍升全校之冠。

Adopting action method, the present study aimed to investigate if expressive writing could be a beneficial tool for improving adolescents' self-concept, interpersonal relationship, and writing ability. Based on the theory of expressive art therapy, 4 self-concepted-related expressive writing assignments were given to an 11th grade Chinese composition class in central Taiwan. Participants’ feedback regarding the writing project were elicited during the first semester of the 12th grade. Results of the study were based upon analyses of 4 data sources: Scores of the Chinese subject in national college entrance exam, students' writing materials, students' feedback, and observational reports of the research team. It was found that students' emotional expression and self-concept were both improved; in addition, expressive writing was found to be helpful for improving interpersonal interactions, class cohesiveness, and identities. Writing led the students to enjoy reading, to understand words more, and to show better imagination and creativity. The results were reflected in their composition scores in the 2008 national college entrance exam, and the class achieved the highest composition scores in the school.

1. 簡怡人、詹美涓、呂旭亞(2005)。書寫治療的應用及其療效。諮商與輔導，239，22-25。
   連結：
2. Bolton G.(1999).The theraperapeutic potential of creative writing: Writing myself.London:Jessica Kingsley.
3. Bolton, G. Howlett(eds),S. Lago, C. (eds),Wright, J.K (eds)(2004).Writing cures: An introductory handbook of writing in counseling and therapy.New York:Brunner-Routledge.
4. Erikson, E.H.(1982).The life cycle completed: A review.New York:Norton.
5. Feldman, A.,Atkin, J. M.,Noffke, S. E. (Eds),Stevenson, R. B. (Eds)(1995).Educational action research: Becoming practically critical.Teachers College, Columbia University.
6. Fuchs, M.,Levine, S. (Eds),Levine, E.(Eds)(1999).Foundations of expressive arts therapy- theoretical and clinical perspectives.London:Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd..
7. Goldberg, N.(1986).Writing down the bones-freeing the writer within.California:Shambhala.
8. Greenberg, M. A.,Stone, A. A.(1992).Emotional disclosure about traumas and its relation to health: Effects of previous disclosure and trauma severity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,63,75-84.
9. L'' Abate. L.(1991).The use of writing in psychotherapy.American Journal of Psychotherapy,45,87-98.
10. Malchiodi, C.(2005).Expressive therapist.New York:The Guilford Press.
11. McLeod. J.(1997).Narrative and psychotherapy.London:Sage.
12. Moon, B.(1998).The dynamics of art as therapy with adolescents.Illinois, Springfield:Charles C Thomas. Publisher LTD..
13. Pennebaker, J.W.(1997).Opening up: The healing power of expressing emotions.New York:the Guilford Press.
14. Pennebaker, J.W.,Harber, K. D.(1993).A social stage model of collective coping: The Persian Gulf War and other natural disasters.Journal of Social Issues,49,125-145.
15. Progoff. I.(1997).At a journal workshop: The basic text and guide for using the intensive journal process
16. Rogers. N.(1993).The creative connection expressive arts as healing.CA:Science & Behavior Books, Inc..
17. Smyth, J. M.,Stone, A. A.,Hurewitz, A.,Kaell, A.(1999).Effects of writing about stressful experiences on symptom reduction in patients with asthma or rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of the American Medical Association,281,1304-1329.
18. Weldon. M.(2001).Writing to save your life: How to horner your story through journaling.Hazelden Information Education.
19. Wozniak, R.(1992).Mind and body: Rene Descartes to William James.Bethesda, MD:the National Library of Medicine and the American Psychological Association.
20. Wright. J.,Chung. M. C.(2001).Mastery or mystery? Therapeutic writing: A review of the literature.British Journal of Guidance & Counseling,29(3),277-291.
21. 王溢嘉(1982)。心靈手記－與自我的對話。心靈雜誌，14，32-37。
22. 沈益君譯(1990)。開啓孩子的心窗－適用於孩子及青少年的完形學派心理治療。台北:心理出版社。
23. 周慶華(2001)。作文指導。台北:五南。
24. 夏林清(1989)。行重用學－在實踐中探討。張老師出版社。
25. 張嘉真(2006)。作文教學與敘事治療。五南出版社。
26. 詹美涓譯(2006)。狂野寫作。台北:心靈工坊。
27. 賈馥茗編、楊深坑編(1988)。教育研究方法的探討與應用。台北:師大書苑。
28. 韓良憶譯(2002)。心靈寫作－創造你的異想世界。台北:心靈工坊。