天人本無二──呂祖謙天人合一與心性思想探微

Harmony between Heaven/ Cosmos and Humanity- A Study of Lü Zuqian 's Thought on Unity of Heaven and Humanity and Xin-xing

王大裕(Wang,ta-yu)

呂祖謙 ； 理氣 ； 心性 ； 天人合一 ； Lü Zuqian ； Li-Qi ； Xin-Xing ； Unity of Heaven and Humanity

輔大中研所學刊

47期（2024 / 05 / 01）

103 - 131

繁體中文;英文

研究南宋理學，向來以朱熹「理學」與陸九淵「心學」之異同為核心命題，並將朱、陸學說概括整個南宋理學之發展，關注程度遠遠超過同時期學者。呂祖謙出身官宦世家，得中原文獻之傳，紹繼關洛之學，於金華自成「婺學」一派，並與朱、張密切往來，其對於理學之建構實不可忽視。本文先介紹東萊「理氣」觀，再梳理東萊心性氣情之關係，探討其如何契接天道與人的心性，來達成「天人合一」的境界。呂氏心性論說與天道「理」「氣」系統密切相關，其突顯出「心」的重要性，「心」具備眾理，然亦受「氣質」之限，實承接張載、二程之學，且有兼取朱、陸之長的特色。

The research field of the Southern Song dynasty's Neo-Confucianism has always centered around the similarities and differences between Zhu Xi's "Li Xue" (School of Principle) and Lu Jiuyuan's "Xin Xue" (School of Mind). These two schools of thought have been regarded as the crucial scholarship in understanding the development of Neo-Confucianism during the Southern Song period, garnering much more attention than other scholars at the time. Lü Zuqian, born into a prominent family, inherited the Central Plains' textual tradition and carried on the teachings of Guanluo. He formed his own school of thought called "Wu Xue" in Jinhua and had close interactions with Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi. His contributions to the construction of Neo-Confucianism cannot be overlooked. This paper first introduces the Lü 's view of "Li" "Qi", then explores the relationship between Lü 's views on Xin-xing, Qi, Qing and discusses how they integrate the heavenly principles and human nature to achieve the state of " unity of heaven and humanity." Lü Zuqian's theory on Xin-xing is closely related to the cosmological system of "Li" (Principle) and "Qi" , emphasizing the importance of the "mind." The mind encompasses various principles, but it is also constrained by the temperament of "Qi." Lü Zuqian's teachings not only inherit the ideas of Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers, but also show features that encompass the strengths of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan.