陶淵明詩文「餘」字意涵及情感探論

Exploration of the meaning and emotional implications of the character "餘" in Tao Yuanming's poetry and prose

陳鈞尉(CHEN,JUN-WEI)

陶淵明 ； 陶詩 ； 餘 ； 情感 ； Tao Yuanming ； Tao Poetry ； 餘 ； Emotion

輔大中研所學刊

47期（2024 / 05 / 01）

171 - 196

繁體中文;英文

本文將分析陶淵明的「餘」字用法並探論該詩文的意涵與情感展現，再將其繫年觀察其用法。根據分析的結果可以發現在陶淵明的詩文中「餘」字用法共有8種，其中詩文情感佔悲的比率極高，多數與政治相關，其他則與家人相關。若詩文展現為樂，則此樂都是悠閒自得的田園生活之樂。在「餘」字的用法為「殘剩」之意則該篇詩文若有情感展現則大多數為悲；若「餘」字用法為零數，且用來形容距離，則該距離都是無法抵達的遙遠。在繫年後發現陶淵明辭官退隱的生活並不寬裕，也因此影響了其詩文的情感展現，心繫政治並展現其對理想政治的嚮往，雖然如此陶淵明仍選擇躬耕於田野而非背己心志任官，與謝靈運對比後則可發現二人在「餘」字上的使用上有不小的差異。

This article will analyze the usage of the character "餘" (yu) in Tao Yuanming's works, explore the implications and emotional expressions of the poems, and examine its usage in the context of the era. Based on the analysis, it can be observed that Tao Yuanming employs "餘" in eight different ways in his poetry and prose. Among them, the emotional expressions in his works predominantly lean towards sorrow, often related to politics, while others are associated with family matters. If the poems depict joy, it is usually the leisurely and contented joy of pastoral life. When " 餘 " is used to mean "remaining" or "leftover," the majority of emotional expressions are melancholic. When "餘" is used in a quantitative sense, to describe distance, it signifies an unreachable distance. Upon observing the historical context, it is revealed that Tao Yuanming's life as a retired official was not financially abundant. This circumstance influenced the emotional expressions in his poetry and highlighted his concerns for political matters, reflecting his yearning for an ideal political system. Despite this, Tao Yuanming chose to devote himself to farming in the countryside rather than pursue an official career that contradicted his own aspirations. When compared to Xie Lingyun, it can be noted that there are significant differences in their usage of the character "餘."