「絕」、「斷」補說

Additional Discussion on Jue and Duan

闕河仰(Chueh He-Yang)

絕 ； 斷 ； 叀 ； 尚書 ； 清華八 ； Jue ； Duan ； 叀 ； Book of Documents ； Tsinghua Bamboo Slips VIII

輔大中研所學刊

47期（2024 / 05 / 01）

197 - 217

繁體中文;英文

本文對於「絕」、「斷」二字的相關問題進行梳理。首先，本文討論「□」字的構形問題，藉由分析「叀」的字形演變，指出原本讀做「惠」的「叀」，於楚系文字中分化出讀為「專」的「叀」形，並於字體上有所區別。而於秦系文字則未產生分化，但是後來《說文》受到楚系文字的影響，將秦系文字的「叀」誤讀為「專」。其次，本文討論「絕」與「斷」的詞義，指出兩字雖然都能表達｛截斷｝義，但其實本義是有區別的，這也使兩字有不同的引申路徑，且於引申義上並不會混用。最後，本文討論《尚書．盤庚》與清華八〈心是謂中〉中的「斷命」一詞，指出不應如同過去看成與「絕命」同，而應理解為「對命進行裁決」。

This article examines the related issues of Jue and Duan. Firstly, the article discusses the structural issue of □. By analyzing the evolution of the graphic form of 叀, it points out that 叀 was original pronounced as "hui", and differentiated into the pronunciation of "zhuan" in the Chu script, which also led to differences in the graphic form. In the Qin script, no such differentiation occurred. However, later in SHUWEN, under the influence of the Chu script, mistakenly pronounce 叀 as "zhuan". Secondly, the article discusses the meanings of Jue and Duan, points out that although both characters can express the meaning of "cutting off", they have distinct in original senses. This difference in original senses also leads to different metaphorical paths, and they are not mixed in their extended senses. Finally, the article discusses the term "Duan-Ming" in the Book of Documents and the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips VIII. It emphasizes that it should not be understood as the same meaning as " Jue-Ming" as in the past, but rather as "judging one's fate".