弊端揭發者(Whistle-blower)面臨的難題與抉擇之研究

A Research on the Dilemma and Choices of Whistle-blowers

10.30409/JPA.200503_(14).0002

黃宏森(Hung-Sen Huang)

行政倫理 ； 倫理困境 ； 弊端揭發者 ； 弊端揭發的難題與抉擇 ； 弊端揭發者保護 ； Administrative Ethic ； Ethic Dilemma ； Whistle-blowing ； the Dilemma and Choices of Whistle-blowers ； The Protection of Whistle-blowers

公共行政學報

14期（2005 / 03 / 01）

39 - 78

繁體中文

近年來在國內外陸續發生多起影響公共利益的弊端案件，對於弊端防治方法，組織成員最了解組織運作與弊端所在，是以弊端揭發(whistle-blowing)被認為是防治組織不法行為的有效防線之一。不論社會對弊端揭發的評價如何，揭發者將面臨行政倫理上兩難困境(dilemma)－要服從組織忠誠的要求？還是遵從自我道德良心倫理判斷？尤其實務上更將面對揭發復組織報復、人際關係緊張，保護措施不足及弊案未來發展不確定等風險與危險。為探討上述問題，本文以「弊端揭發者(whistle-blowers)面臨的難題與抉擇之研究」為題，首先進行文獻回顧及提出本文的研究內容，其次分析弊端揭發的倫理基礎，再其次探討弊端揭發面對的風險成本與效益評估，之復論述揭發弊端的方法選擇，最後提出結論與建議。

In recent years, many wrongdoings that had negative impact on the public interest happened in domestic and abroad. The whistle-blowers in the organization are familiar with the operation of those incidents, so that they are regarded as one of the effective resorts to curb the incidents. However, no matter what assessment they have received, the whistle-blowers will face the ethical dilemma-to obey the demand of organizational loyalties or to obey the personal moral judgments. Particularly, they will further encounter with the dangers or risks of organization retaliations, tense personnel relationships, lack of protections, and the uncertainty of legal actions in practice. To explore these issues, the article first reviews the literatures review and presents the content of research. Second, it discusses the ethical basis of whistle-blowing. Third, it analyzes the costs and effectiveness of whistle-blowing and the choices of whistle-blowers. Finally, it concludes with some practical suggestions.

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