英文摘要
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There was telecommunication industry reform in Japan and Taiwan during mid-1990s and mid-2000. The reform process resulted in the disadvantages of rate increase or no service offered since there were fewer service providers due to low demand or higher construction cost in offshore island or non-economical area. In order to avoid such problems, a mechanism to guarantee universal service supply was designated at the same time telecommunication liberalization and privatization proceeded in Japan and Taiwan.
Concerning the scope of universal service, regardless in Japan or Taiwan, it is currently in a changing status of review; there is a trend of scaling down in the micro-universal service supply in both countries and not yet expanding to the macro-universal services including Internet service, low-income and physically challenged subscriber service. In addition, the practice of ”publicness internalization” is adopted for the guarantee of universal service supply in Japan and Taiwan. In the initial stage, businesses were regulated by mandatory laws to provide universal service with cost absorbed; after 2002, the cost is paid by ”universal service fund”. Comparing with the situation in Taiwan where universal service fund is commonly shared among businesses, in Japan telecommunication industry commonly share the fund only when the loss exceeds the entire revenue; otherwise, they will not get subsidy, which causing the system only exists in formality and not yet officially granted. This is also the reason of a problem that it has not become an incentive to businesses.
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ユニバーサルサービス基金制度のあり方答申(案)に対して寄せられた意見及びそれに対する考え方
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