高雄市幼兒園所健康環境現況之探討

An Exploratory Study of Preschool Health Environment at Kaohsiung City in Taiwan

10.30026/CJSH.200706.0001

謝琇英(Show-Ing Shieh)；李新民(Hsing-Ming Lee)

幼兒園所 ； 健康環境 ； Preschool ； Health environment

學校衛生

50期（2007 / 06 / 01）

1 - 21

繁體中文

本研究旨在探討幼兒園所健康環境實施概況及其相關影響因素。以高雄市立案幼兒園所全面性調查訪談，共186所。資料經統計分析後，重要發現如下： 一、園所公共安全和環境衛生與設備，得分為四分以上（分數：1-5分），執行已上軌道。健康飲食得分最低，約半數園所達此標準，餐點調配設計只有26.3%園所達到標準。 二、主要需求與需加強之項目：1.環境衛生保健課程、急救研習訓練；2.廚房洗滌設備；3.餐點調配設計；4.餐、炊具之存放消毒；5.其他健康教育活動。其中教具之衛生清潔、其他健康教育內容超過半數園所未達標準。 三、影響園所健康環境的因素：1.園所規模越大與健康環境推動人數越多，該園所健康環境執行越好，而與園所設置時間無顯著影響。2.公部門、家長的規範與要求；幼兒教師的專業規範與自我效能，亦影響園所健康環境成效。 建議加強教保人員之環境衛生與急救訓練、提昇幼兒健康環境與安全教育；加強園所餐飲衛生與食品衛生管理；共建孩童健康照顧、健康安全環境與健康促進教學網絡；編制幼兒園所健康促進與健康環境管理手冊。

This study investigates the status of health environment and related factors that may influence the health environment for preschools. The target population of this study includes 186 legitimate preschools at Kaohsiung City in Taiwan. With the aid of surveys given at preschools as well as the use of statistical analysis, main findings of this study are as follows: 1. Scores for the public security and environmental sanitation/equipment were found to be 4 and above (scores range from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest). This implies that preschool public safety was soundly carried out and environmental sanitary equipment was well maintained. However, the lowest score was found in the category of healthy food, with about only half of the preschools reaching the standard. In addition, only 26.3% of the preschools reached the standard for designing meals in this category. 2. Kitchen washing equipment, meals design, storage and sterilization of dining and cooking utensils, sanitization of teaching aids, and other health education contents need to be enhanced and remain the main concerns in health environment. Study shows that more than half of the preschools surveyed did not reach the standard for sanitization of teaching aids and other health education contents. 3. Two influencing factors on promoting health environment are also observed: (Ⅰ) Preschool size: Better performances in health environment were observed in preschools with more personnel. However, the setup time of preschool had little effect on the promotion of health environment. (Ⅱ) Specifications and needs on health environment and preschool education required by government departments and parents: The professional specifications and self-efficiencies of preschool education required by preschools and preschool teachers could play an important part in the practice of health environment. Results of this study indicate needs in the following are: strengthen training in health environment and first aid courses for preschool staff; promote health environment and safety education for children; improve preschool food hygiene and enhance the management of food sanitation; connect community resources with local preschools to establish a better childcare network system; set up a safe and healthy environment and a health promotion teaching network for children; compile a preschool management manual for health promotion and environment.

1. 健康環境有益兒童同盟：行動框架
2. (2002)。高雄市立案托兒機構業務手冊。
3. Carolyn, C. C.(2004).Environmental Health: You Write the Future.Journal of School Health,74(10),408-410.
4. National Profiles on Children`s Health and the Environment; Assessing Readiness for Improving Environmental Health Protection Systems for Children
5. Children's Environmental Health
6. 尹祚芊(2000)。學校衛生護理。台灣醫學，4(2)，215-222。
7. 中華民國九十年臺閩地區兒童生活狀況調查報告分析
8. 左如梅(1996)。學校衛生護理的概念架構與實作標準。護理雜誌，43(2)，14-17。
9. 吳仁宇(1997)。校園衛生政策之推動。兒童保健雜誌，3(4)，10-12。
10. 呂鴻基(1999)。三十五年來台灣兒童的健康水平。台灣醫學，3(5)，505-514。
11. 高雄縣教育局(2002)。高雄縣教育局公私立幼稚園評鑑手冊。
12. 教育部(2003)。健康促進學校工作手冊。
13. 教育部(1997)。學校衛生工作手冊。
14. 教育部(1998)。幼稚園課程標準。
15. 教育部(2001)。學校健康促進計劃。中華民國九十年九月四日行政院台九十教字第O五二O八二號函核定。
16. 教育部(2002)。九十一年四月份教育輿情摘要。
17. 許珍琳、黃松元(1996)。學校衛生計劃評價。中等教育，47(2)，3-22。
18. 黃松元(2002)。台灣地區健康促進學校之推動。健康促進學校國際學術研討會
19. 劉丹桂(1997)。我國兒童保健政策之推動。兒童保健雜誌，3(4)，4-9。
20. 鄭雪霏、黃雅文著(1996)。健康生活－健康教學的內涵。台北:心理出版社。