影響國中學生運動行為之性別差異研究

Gender Differences in Determinants of Exercise Behavior among Junior High School Students

10.30026/CJSH.200806.0003

王淑芳(Shu-Fang Wang)；顏效禹(Xiao-Yu Yan)；何佩玲(Pei-Ling Ho)；張碧芳(Pi-Fang Chang)；呂昌明(Chang-Ming Lu)

性別 ； 運動階段 ； 國中生 ； gender ； stages of exercise behavior ； junior high school students

學校衛生

52期（2008 / 06 / 01）

37 - 53

繁體中文

本研究目的在於探討影響男女生運動行為之重要社會心理學變項有何差異。研究對象為就讀於台北市公立國中的全體學生，以比率機率抽樣法來進行抽樣，最後取得有效樣本為1438人。本研究之主要結果如下：(1)運動階段在性別上有顯著的差異，且男生的運動階段較女生好；(2)某些運動項目（如快步走、爬樓梯、籃球、棒球、壘球、撞球、跳繩、有氧舞蹈、搖呼拉圈、伏地挺身、桌球及瑜珈等）在性別上有顯著的差異；(3)無論是男生或女生，運動自我效能、運動知覺障礙、運動享樂感、運動結果期望、家人的支持、同儕的支持、老師的支持、運動自我調節（目標）及運動自我調節（計畫）都會影響其運動階段，其中以運動自我效能最為重要；(4)在運動自我效能、運動享樂感、運動結果期望、同儕的支持、運動自我調節（計畫）及運動自我調節（目標）方面，男生的平均得分顯著高於女生，而運動知覺障礙則相反。本研究建議應根據男女生的個別差異實施相關教育介入。

The main purpose of the study was to investigate gender differences in the psychosocial variables of exercise behavior. The subjects were all junior high school students in Taipei City. By using the probability proportionate to size sampling method, 1438 of valid samples were collected. The results show that: (1) Males and females were shown to differ significantly on stages of exercise behavior. And compared with females, males engaged in better stages of exercise behavior. (2) It varied according to gender significantly on some exercise such as taking a fast walk, taking stairs, playing basketball, playing baseball, playing softball, playing billiards, skipping rope, doing aerobics, wagging hula hoop, doing push ups, playing table tennis and doing yoga. (3) To males and females, self-efficacy for exercise, perceived barriers for exercise, enjoyment for exercise, outcome expectation value for exercise, family's support for exercise, peers' support for exercise, teachers' support for exercise, self-regulation for exercise (planning and scheduling) and self-regulation for exercise (goal-setting) affected their stages of exercise behavior. And within them, self-efficacy for exercise was most important. (4) In self-efficacy for exercise, enjoyment for exercise, outcome expectation value for exercise, peers' support for exercise, self-regulation for exercise (planning and scheduling) and self-regulation for exercise (goal-setting), males had higher scores than females, but in perceived barriers for exercise, females had a higher score than males. It is suggested that exercise promotion programs should be cogitated according to gender differences

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