交叉路口高齡者與孩童步行速率之調查與分析

Survey and Analysis of Walking Speeds for the Elderly and Children at Crosswalks

10.29774/UT.201006.0001

張建彥(Chien-Yen Chang)；吳宗修(T. Hugh Woo)；王森豐(Sen-Feng Wang)；郭明仁(Ming-Jen Kuo)

步行速率 ； 事故鑑定 ； 號誌時制設計 ； 高齡者 ； 孩童 ； Walking Speed ； Traffic Accident Investigation ； Signal Timing Design ； The Elderly ； Children

都市交通

25卷1期（2010 / 06 / 01）

1 - 17

繁體中文

行人步行速率為行人交通事故鑑定與號誌化路口行人號誌時制設計的重要參數。影響步行速率之因素很多，其中年齡是主要因素之一，高齡者由於身體機能退化之影響，行動遲緩導致步行速率降低；孩童則是身心發展尚未健全，故其步行速率也比一般成人低，而此二者對於交通事故風險認知不足，判斷與反應亦較一般成人差，往往成為行人交通事故的高危險群。本研究透過現地攝影調查與影像觀測之方式，分析高齡者與孩童在各種不同行人與環境特性下之步行速率，研究結果顯示，高齡者單人穿越路口的一般平均步行速率為每秒0.89公尺，第15百分位速率為每秒0.73公尺；孩童單人穿越路口之一般平均步行速率約為每秒1.15~1.17公尺，第15百分位速率為每秒0.98公尺，不同的行人與環境特性則會造成速率值的變化。本研究之成果，除可作為國內建立行人步行速率資料庫之基礎外，亦可供未來交通事故鑑定與行人交通工程設施設計之應用參考。

Pedestrian walking speed is an important parameter in pedestrian-vehicle traffic accident investigation and pedestrian signal design at signalized intersections. Age is one of the major factors influencing pedestrian walking speed. The elderly and children usually have lower walking speeds due to the weakness of their physical capabilities. In addition, both of these two types of pedestrians are the high risk groups in pedestrian traffic accidents because of their insufficient perception to traffic accident risk and impaired judgement and long reaction time. This study aims to survey and analyze the walking speeds of elderly pedestrians and child pedestrians under various pedestrian and environmental characteristics through a field survey with cameras at intersections and an image processing analysis. Results show that the mean walking speed and 15th percentile walking speed for a single elderly pedestrian is 0.89 meters per second and 0.73 meters per seconds, respectively. The mean walking speed and 15th percentile walking speed for a single child is 1.15-1.17 meters per second and 0.98 meters per seconds, respectively. Various pedestrian and environmental characteristics result in different pedestrian walking speeds. Results of this study will be helpful in developing a pedestrian walking speed database in Taiwan. Moreover, the value of pedestrian walking speed can provide a useful basis for the pedestrian traffic accidents investigation and the pedestrian traffic devices design.

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