性別、階級和文類：瑪麗‧李頗詩中的雙聲主體

Double-Voiced Discourse: Mary Leapor's Neoclassical Poetry

10.29716/TKSFLL.200612.0001

宋美璍(Mei-Hwa Sung)

瑪麗•李頗 ； 雙聲主體 ； 牧歌 ； 鄉間莊園詩 ； 農事詩札 ； 諷刺詩

淡江外語論叢

8期（2006 / 12 / 01）

19 - 37

繁體中文

瑪麗•李頗(Mary Leapor, 1722-46)出身勞動階級，在富貴人家專司廚房雜役，閒時則讀詩寫詩，最是崇拜波普(Alexander Pope, 1688-1744)，也仿寫新古典主義詩的重要文類，但常引自身經驗，加入性別和階級的思維，以致詩中承載非常鮮明的反傳統的題材和主題。本文擬自文類和文化兩個層面探討李頗的詩（包括牧歌、鄉間莊園詩、農事詩札、諷刺詩）。一名勞動階級女性書寫父權道統的文類，雖模仿大師，卻也同時挑戰其文化霸權。十八世紀中葉，隨著小說與感性詩的興起，中產和勞動階級的作家逐漸出頭，其中不乏女性與農民。在詩的領域，傳統的文類規範已露疲態，頻頻遭到來自勞動階級與女性的「另類聲音」(voices of the Other)滲入之際，李頗雖仍遵循文類的成規（形式、辭藻、格律等），但卻顛覆其價值體系，發揚女性和勞動階級的主體意識，在詩中呈現一個雙聲主體的現象。本文閱讀李頗的詩作，企圖探討性別、階級和文類的既有機制三者之間的糾結角力，為這位徘徊於文學廟堂門外的勞動階級女性詩人，尋找她在多重文化勢力激盪之際的文學史的位置。

Daughter of a nurseryman and herself a cookmaid to a wealthy family, Mary Leapor (1722-46) composed several hundred poems in the short span of her literary career. Many of those she wrote are marked by both conformity to the conventions of the neoclassical genres and a voice of her own. This paper tries to read Leapor's imitations of neoclassical poetic formations (pastoral, country-house poem, georgic verse epistle, and satire) as sites of cultural confrontation which involves gender and class issues.

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