英文摘要
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China has its long tradition of serving military doctor in the army. However, not until First Sino-Japanese War did China begin to establish its modern military medical system. Under the supervision of Yuan Shi-kai, Chinese army managed to introduce the most advanced modern military medical system from Western countries, including setting up war-time casualty-service system, bringing in modern medical instruments, and founding its own military medical education system. By the support of Yuan Shi-kai, the military medical education institutes were established. Divisions of Beiyang first set up the Beiyang Military Medical Academy, which soon became "Military Medical Academy of Army" directly supervised by the Qing government. This action had encouraged other provinces and speeded up their step to found their own provincial military medical academies in order to cultivate military doctors. The initially planned "completely westernized" military medicine system, however, came to an expediency while facing the harsh practical situation. For one thing, although surgery remain its western style, the essence of its internal medicine later turned back to the style of traditional Chinese medicine due to the shortage of budgets. For another, since the number of graduates from military medical academy couldn't fit the urgent need for the rapid expansion of army, the high command of Chinese army decided to recruit traditional Chinese doctors to solve this problem. Consequently, the modern military medicine of Qing army showed its blend feature as a combination of Chinese and Western elements. The Qing Armies' efforts in organizing its military medical system had definitely shown the strong determination of making its way to modernization. Despite the fact that the whole construction had not been totally accomplished even until the fall of Qing dynasty, it really opened the way toward modernization for China's military medical system.
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