交通事故適用信賴保護原則思維

Rethinking the Principles of Reliance on Traffic Rules' Protection As Excuse for Criminal Negligence

10.6509/TLM/2014.6510.05

方文宗(Wen-Tsung Fang)

信賴保護原則 ； 交通事故 ； 客觀歸責理論 ； Principle of Reliance on Traffic Rules' Protection ； Traffic Accident ； Theory of Objective Attributing Responsibility

法令月刊

65卷10期（2014 / 10 / 01）

65 - 84

繁體中文

信賴保護原則，要求行為人駕車除負相當注意義務外，並應遵守交通法規，若因此而發生交通事故，方得以信賴原則為由免除過失責任。該原則形成判例，有拘束各級法院，影響實務甚鉅，但遵守交通法規仍然有風險，直接將違反交通法規推定行為人有過失責任，顯然不妥。交通事故責任應依過失法理解決即可，即依行為人所製造風險與發生交事故是否有關連性，行為是否在刑法規範範圍內等判定過失責任。除非客觀行為事實無法判定，尚可適用信賴保護原則，否則信賴保護原則應無適用空間。

Principle of reliance on traffic rules' protection, which means asking drivers automobile not only shoulder obligation of attention but follow traffic regulation. If traffic accident happen on drivers, they can excused from negligent responsibility basing on this principle. This principle becomes an example of Supreme Court the judgment, and therefore it limits each lower leveled court, which affected on practical events greatly. However, following traffic rules still exists risks; it is improper that directly infer drivers to have negligent responsibility if they violate traffic regulation. The responsibility of causing accident should be solved by law of negligence; in other words, it is judged by the relationship between the risks that drivers Caused and the traffic accident, actually happened and whether the action is within the range of criminal law and other conditions. The principle of reliance on traffic rules' protection cannot be adapted unless the fact of objective attributing responsibility cannot be judged.

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