認知策略對耐力跑步的影響

The Impact of Cognitive Strategies on the Prolonged Maximal Running

10.5297/ser.200709_9(3).0006

戴遠成(Yuan-Cheng Dai)

關聯式思維 ； 非關聯式思維 ； 自覺努力度 ； associative strategy ； dissociative strategy ； RPE

大專體育學刊

9卷3期（2007 / 09 / 30）

67 - 77

繁體中文;英文

藉由不同的認知策略早已被應用於提升耐力運動的成績表現，本研究主要目的在於探討關聯式與非關聯式思維在耐力長跑的成績表現、心跳率與RPE的影響。本研究以10位非優秀長跑男性大學學生為對象（年齡=22.3±1.45歲;身高=174.78±4.36公分；體重=67.89±5.37公斤），參與者在胸部裝置Polar Vantage XL型無線心跳監視器，分別採用關聯式思維與非關聯式思維在電動跑步機進行耐力長跑測驗，並且隨著運動強度增加來收集參與者心跳數、RPE值與耐力跑步的時間等參數進行資料分析。結果發現：一、採用非關聯式思維在耐力長跑時間顯著的比關聯式思維為持久。二、採用關聯式思維與非關聯式思維在耐力長跑的心跳數方面沒有差異。三、採用非關聯式思維在耐力長跑過程中參與者對自覺努力度(RPE)顯著低於關聯式思維。本研究結論：跑步者所採用的認知策略和自覺努力度，確實在耐力長跑成績表現有影響；除此之外，跑步者本身的運動水準、跑步的場地與跑步的運動強度，也都有可能影響其不同的認知策略偏好。

Association and dissociation have been identified as important cognitive strategies in the literature on running and exercises. This study investigated the effects of cognitive strategies on running performance, heart rates and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during a prolonged maximal run. Participants in this investigation were ten male undergraduate non-elite runners (age=22.3±1.45 years; height=174.78±4.36cm; weight=67.89±5.37kg). Participants were equipped with the Polar Vantage XL model portable heart-rate monitors and ran a prolonged maximal run on a motorized treadmill. For the association strategy, participants were instructed to focus attention on the physiological marker of the effort, pace and heart rates from the monitor. Alternately, dissociation-conditioned participants were prohibited form monitoring their heart rates, but were asked to listen to music throughout the run. Heart rates and RPE were individually collected from different exercise intensities during the prolonged maximal run test. The results indicated that the dissociative strategy produced significantly greater persistence performance than that by the associative strategy. There was no overall difference in heart rates between the cognitive strategies; however, the dissociative strategy had a significantly lower RPE than that of the associative strategy. Finally, the findings from this study suggest that a correlation exists among cognitive strategies, perception of exertion and running performance in different-level runners.

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