運動參與、運動享受及自我知覺之性別差異

Gender Differences in Sport Participation, Sport Enjoyment and Self-Perceptions

10.5297/ser.200909_11(3).0002

莊麗君(Ophelia L. J. Chuang)

運動能力 ； 身體外貌 ； 自尊 ； 自我價值 ； athletic competence ； physical appearance ； self-esteem ； self-worth

大專體育學刊

11卷3期（2009 / 09 / 30）

27 - 37

繁體中文;英文

文獻顯示運動大多為男性領域，因此女性使用運動空間與設施往往受到某些限制。本研究目的為探索高中男女生運動參與、運動享受及自我知覺之差異。研究母群體為花蓮男女混合高中一、二年級學生，研究工具採用James and Embrey (2001)運動參與及自我知覺問卷，於2003年12月至2004年1月間共計回收589份有效問卷，其中男生262人、女生327人。本研究結果顯示：一、運動活躍的男女比例為84%和63%；每次運動都超過30分鐘的男女比例為80%和47%，運動享受程度的男女比例為87%和63%，且有23%女生完全不從事校外運動；二、運動活躍男生具有正向的運動能力、身體外貌、和自我價值知覺；運動活躍女生具有正向運動能力知覺，但身體外貌和自我價值知覺則是負向；至於運動不活躍男女生則具有負向的運動能力、身體外貌和自我價值知覺。本研究根據資料分析後獲致三項結論，並提出對運動行政管理與未來研究之建議。

Purpose: Sports are typically male dominated, this need to explain why sports spaces and facilities for women tend to be limited. This study explores the differences in sport participation, sport enjoyment and self-perception among boys and girls. Methods: The study population is composed of 10(superscript th) and 11(superscript th) grade students from two Hualien senior high schools. The survey was conducted using the James and Embrey (2001) survey instrument. Data were collected between December 2003 and January 2004 by obtaining 589 usable questionnaires from 262 boys and 327 girls. Results: Analytical results demonstrate that the ratios of boys and girls who actively participated in sport were 84% and 73%, respectively. The spending time over 30 minutes each time in sport was 80% for boys and 47% for girls, and the proportion of enjoying sport was 87% and 63% respectively. Additionally, twenty-three percent of girls never played sports outside the schools. Active boys showed positive athletic competence, physical appearance and self-worth perceptions. However, although active girls showed positive athletic competence perception, they had negative physical appearance and self-worth perceptions. Both inactive boys and girls showed negative athletic competence, physical appearance and self-worth perceptions. Conclusions: Based on the results, three conclusions were drawn. First, girls enjoyed sport less than boys. Second, girls expressed lower self-perceptions than boys. Finally, correlations were noted between sport participation (the degree of activeness and enjoyment) and self-perception (athletic competence, physical appearance and self-worth). From this study recommendations are made for practice and future research.

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